{"id":653,"date":"2018-10-22T12:50:16","date_gmt":"2018-10-22T11:50:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/?p=653"},"modified":"2018-10-23T15:09:44","modified_gmt":"2018-10-23T14:09:44","slug":"et-votre-mere-vous-la-mettez-ou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/et-votre-mere-vous-la-mettez-ou","title":{"rendered":"Et votre m\u00e8re, vous la mettez o\u00f9 ?","raw":"Et votre m\u00e8re, vous la mettez o\u00f9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/what-about-your-mother\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Read this post in english<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">L&rsquo;analyse financi\u00e8re est devenue trop analytique, abstraite. Elle doit redevenir plus \u00e9conomique, plus humaine.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-745\" src=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-1320x1320.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\">Il y a 3 ans, comme chaque ann\u00e9e depuis maintenant 8 ans, je me suis port\u00e9 volontaire comme \u00ab\u00a0mentor\u00a0\u00bb dans le cadre d&rsquo;un concours d&rsquo;analyse financi\u00e8re pour \u00e9tudiants connu sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0CFA Research Challenge\u00a0\u00bb. <span class=\"\">Lors de la finale fran\u00e7aise, l&rsquo;une des \u00e9quipes finalistes s&rsquo;est vue confront\u00e9e \u00e0 <strong>une question difficile<\/strong>, une question \u00e0 laquelle ils ne s&rsquo;attendaient pas, une question \u00e0 laquelle ils auraient d\u00fb r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir bien avant.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"\">Ce petit moment g\u00eanant, anecdotique sur le coup, fut pour moi r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur d&rsquo;un probl\u00e8me bien plus significatif. Il touchait \u00e0 quelque chose de plus grand, \u00e0 une d\u00e9rive qui d\u00e9t\u00e9riore la mani\u00e8re dont les jeunes professionnels de l&rsquo;investissement (et certains plus \u00e2g\u00e9s) abordent de plus en plus leur m\u00e9tier.<\/span><span class=\"\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"The contest, which oppose once a year teams of brilliant students from universities around the entire world, consists, at the local (French) level, in the redaction of an equity research report, followed, for the finalist teams, by a 10 minutes presentation\">Le concours oppose une fois par an des \u00e9quipes d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants d&rsquo;universit\u00e9s du monde entier. Il impose, au niveau local (en France), la r\u00e9daction d&rsquo;un rapport d&rsquo;analyse financi\u00e8re sur une entreprise, suivi, pour les meilleurs rapports, d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9sentation de 10 minutes <\/span><span title=\"of their work to 3 experienced industry professionals, and a 10 minutes Q&amp;A. \">\u00e0 3 investisseurs exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s, elle-m\u00eame approfondie par une s\u00e9ance de questions-r\u00e9ponses de 10 minutes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The company they all researched that year was Orp\u00e9a, a big nursing home manager in France.\">La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0 \u00e9tait <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orpea.com\/\">Orp\u00e9a<\/a>, le gestionnaire de maisons de retraite<\/strong>. L&rsquo;\u00e9quipe en question \u00e9tait compos\u00e9e <\/span><span title=\"They were smart and hard working students, and their report and presentation was indeed very serious, quantified, focused on various metrics showing why one should invest in this company.\">d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants intelligents et laborieux, dont le haut niveau acad\u00e9mique \u00e9tait ind\u00e9niable. Leur rapport et leur pr\u00e9sentation \u00e9taient d&rsquo;ailleurs tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieux, chiffr\u00e9s et mettaient en avant avec rigueur les divers indicateurs\u00a0 techniques prouvant pourquoi il fallait investir dans cette entreprise. <\/span><span title=\"They boasted about the industrialization the company achieved in the management of the houses, and the reduction of costs they managed to deliver... and so on.\">Ils indiquaient la forte industrialisation que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avait r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans la gestion des maisons et de la r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts qu&rsquo;ils avaient obtenu&#8230; <\/span><span title=\"Technical, surgical and no mention whatsoever to the very sensible nature of this business, and how this was or not even important. \"><strong>Technique, pr\u00e9cis, froid, chirurgical, et sans aucun \u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00e2me pour la nature tr\u00e8s sensible de ce m\u00e9tier.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"But then came the Q&amp;A, and amid various technical questions, came the question they did not expect.\">Mais est venue alors la s\u00e9ance de questions, et parmi divers points techniques sans importance, la question \u00e0 laquelle ils ne s&rsquo;attendaient pas, surtout venant<\/span><span title=\"And the hit came from a well-known and successful fund manager in France.\"> d&rsquo;un g\u00e9rant de fonds exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 et reconnu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00ab\u00a0OK, c&rsquo;est tr\u00e8s bien tout cela, mais honn\u00eatement, votre m\u00e8re, vous aimeriez la mettre dans ces maisons ?\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Silence assourdissant. G\u00eane dans l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe et dans la salle.<\/p>\n<p>Ils avaient deux choix :<\/p>\n<p>1 &#8211; R\u00e9pondre<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"> non, ce qui \u00e9tait \u00e9videmment la r\u00e9ponse la plus honn\u00eate, mais en contradiction flagrante avec toute leur pr\u00e9sentation, sans m\u00eame parler de l&rsquo;image tr\u00e8s \u00ab\u00a0professionnelle\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0capitaliste\u00a0\u00bb qu&rsquo;ils essayaient de maintenir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>2 &#8211; R\u00e9pondre oui, rester droit dans leurs bottes, et apparaitre devant toute l&rsquo;assembl\u00e9e, comme des personnes insensibles et un peu cyniques.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bien heureusement, le g\u00e9rant, personne tr\u00e8s sympathique par ailleurs, compris qu&rsquo;il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 un peu dur envers des \u00e9tudiants stress\u00e9s, et leur a lanc\u00e9 une bou\u00e9e de sauvetage. Il a reformul\u00e9 sa question d&rsquo;une mani\u00e8re plus \u00e9vasive. Quelque chose comme \u00ab\u00a0Pensez-vous vraiment que r\u00e9duire fortement les co\u00fbts d&rsquo;une entreprise aussi sensible est bon pour ses r\u00e9sultats \u00e0 long terme?\u00a0\u00bb. Ils ont r\u00e9pondu comme ils pouvaient \u00e0 cela et sont pass\u00e9s \u00e0 la question suivante.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Mais un arri\u00e8re-go\u00fbt amer est rest\u00e9 dans la bouche des pr\u00e9sents, moi compris.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ils n&rsquo;ont pas gagn\u00e9. Une autre \u00e9quipe \u00e9tait objectivement plus forte de toute fa\u00e7on. Mais j&rsquo;esp\u00e8re bien<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"> que l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience de ces quelques secondes de solitude leur aura \u00e9t\u00e9 utile.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>L&rsquo;analyse financi\u00e8re telle quelle est enseign\u00e9e a perdu pied avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/h2>\n<p>Car je ne sais pas pour eux, mais cela m&rsquo;a marqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"I was already giving, and I am even more now, the students I mentor the same advise when preparing their report and presentation : &quot;do not be overly technical, always think about the practical reality of the various human beings implicated. Employees, managers,\">Je donnais d\u00e9j\u00e0, et insiste encore plus dessus depuis, ce conseil aux \u00e9tudiants que j&rsquo;accompagne: \u00ab\u00a0ne soyez pas exag\u00e9r\u00e9ment techniques, pensez toujours \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, pratique, des diff\u00e9rentes personnes impliqu\u00e9es. Employ\u00e9s, dirigeants, <\/span><span title=\"clients, providers, they are what this is really about&quot;.\">clients, fournisseurs, c&rsquo;est bien d&rsquo;eux qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit \u00ab\u00a0. <\/span><span title=\"Sure, sure you need to create valuation models, assess various financial risks.\">Bien s\u00fbr, vous devez cr\u00e9er des mod\u00e8les d\u2019\u00e9valuation, \u00e9valuer divers risques financiers. <\/span><span title=\"You can also talk about costs and compute financial ratios.\">Vous pouvez \u00e9galement parler de co\u00fbts et calculer des ratios financiers. <\/span><span title=\"You can create impressive regressions and talk about macroeconomics... yes yes this is good (and the contest's rules ask you to anyway). \">Vous pouvez cr\u00e9er des r\u00e9gressions impressionnantes et parler de macro\u00e9conomie&#8230; oui oui c&rsquo;est bien (et les r\u00e8gles du concours vous le demandent de toute fa\u00e7on).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"But at the end all of this has no value whatsoever if you cannot link your findings to very material micro-economics reality.\">Mais \u00e0 la fin, tout cela n\u2019aura pas beaucoup de valeur si vous ne pouvez lier vos r\u00e9sultats analytiques, les chiffres, \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 micro\u00e9conomique de l&rsquo;entreprise, aux personnes qui la composent et \u00e0 leurs motivations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span title=\"Being overly technical is actually easy, because you can easily prove that you have been diligent enough.\">\u00catre tr\u00e8s technique est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 assez agr\u00e9able, car vous pouvez facilement prouver avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment diligent. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"That you worked and are competent. \">Que vous avez travaill\u00e9 et \u00eates comp\u00e9tent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"But this won't make you a good investor. \">Mais cela ne fera pas de vous un bon investisseur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Think of it this way : \">Pensons-y de cette fa\u00e7on :<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Think of it this way : \">La connaissance de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique sans donn\u00e9es ni analyse <\/span><span title=\"Human economic reality without financial analysis to support it is merely an opinion. \">n&rsquo;est gu\u00e8re plus qu&rsquo;une opinion.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span title=\"But financial analysis without human economic reality is merely an excel spreadsheet.\">Mais l&rsquo;analyse des donn\u00e9es sans lien avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique n&rsquo;est gu\u00e8re plus\u00a0 qu&rsquo;un tableur Excel.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Et c&rsquo;est bien la seule voie pour l&rsquo;avenir<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"For a good 10 years now, index-tracking funds have gobbled up a very large chunk ( more then 30% in the US ) of the fund management business.\">Depuis une bonne dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, les fonds indiciels ont englouti un bon gros morceau (plus de 30% aux \u00c9tats-Unis) du march\u00e9 de la gestion de fonds. <\/span><span title=\"And they are still on the rise.\">Et ce mouvement n&rsquo;est pas termin\u00e9. <\/span><span title=\"They do not try to apply any analysis in the investment, they are plain simple : they buy and hold the securities included in the index.\">Ces fonds n&rsquo;essayent pas d&rsquo;appliquer une analyse \u00e0 l&rsquo;investissement, ils sont rudement simples: ils ach\u00e8tent et d\u00e9tiennent les titres inclus dans l&rsquo;indice. <\/span><span title=\"That's it.\">C&rsquo;est tout. <\/span><span title=\"No analysis at all.\">Aucune analyse. <\/span><span title=\"And they are gaining more and more momentum.\">Et leur momentum est ind\u00e9niable. <\/span><span title=\"Machines. \">Des machines.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Because active managers (i.e. traditionnal financial analysts) cannot reliably deliver over-performance anymore over the said indexes.\">Simplement parce que les g\u00e9rants dits \u00ab\u00a0actifs\u00a0\u00bb n&rsquo;arrivent plus \u00e0 fournir de mani\u00e8re fiable et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re la sur-performance qu&rsquo;ils vendent par rapport aux dits indices. <\/span><span title=\"As they have higher fees, they on average under-perform trackers.\">Comme ils ont des frais plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, ils sous-performent en moyenne les fonds indiciels. <\/span><span title=\"They might have in the past.\">Ils y arrivaient peut-\u00eatre dans le pass\u00e9, <\/span><span title=\"But they are not anymore (on average).\">mais ce n&rsquo;est plus le cas (en moyenne).<\/span><span title=\"Don't get me wrong, for the greatest part of them they are honest, competent and diligent professionals. \"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"There is many explanation to their inability to overperform as a group, but one of the biggest is the number of investors that are applying the very same analysis methods at the very same moment, with the very same data available. \">Il existe de nombreuses explications \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, mais l\u2019un des plus importants est le nombre d\u2019investisseurs qui appliquent exactement <strong>les m\u00eames m\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse financi\u00e8re, au m\u00eame moment, et avec les m\u00eames donn\u00e9es comptables disponibles.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"You guessed... it is huge (the number of Chartered Financial Analysts, the international standard for asset management, grew by a stunning 138.420 in the last ten years !).\">Vous avez devin\u00e9&#8230; ce nombre est \u00e9norme (le nombre d&rsquo;analystes certifi\u00e9s CFA, la norme internationale en mati\u00e8re de gestion d&rsquo;actifs, a ainsi augment\u00e9 de 138.420 rien que sur les dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es!). <\/span><span title=\"And they are all bright, well trained, and extremely technical young people. \">Et ce sont tous des analystes brillants, extr\u00eamement bien form\u00e9s et motiv\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Professional investing became so competitive that just relying on ratios and valuations models over past data that everyone have anyway just won't cut it anymore. \"><strong>L\u2019investissement professionnel est devenu tellement concurrentiel<\/strong>, en particulier sur les actions cot\u00e9es, <strong>que la m\u00e9thode d&rsquo;investissement traditionnelle<\/strong> s&rsquo;appuyant sur des mod\u00e8les de comparaison, de valorisation par rapport aux donn\u00e9es comptables publi\u00e9es, et d&rsquo;entretiens exclusif avec les seuls dirigeants, informations dont tout le monde dispose de toute fa\u00e7on, <strong>n&rsquo;a plus que tr\u00e8s peu de valeur<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Financial analysts now have to differentiate from each other to survive, they have to move away from the standardized models.\">Les analystes financiers doivent maintenant se diff\u00e9rencier les uns des autres pour survivre, ils doivent s\u2019\u00e9loigner des mod\u00e8les standardis\u00e9s. <\/span><span title=\"Those models are widespread and the alpha of dehumanized financial analysis has been arbitraged away a long time ago. \">L&rsquo;utilisation de ces mod\u00e8les est bien trop r\u00e9pandue et<strong> l\u2019alpha de l\u2019analyse financi\u00e8re d\u00e9shumanis\u00e9e est arbitr\u00e9 depuis bien longtemps.<\/strong> Celui-ci a disparu ou plus probablement est si dilu\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il ne couvre plus les frais de son impl\u00e9mentation.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"They have now to add information to the analysis that they are the only one to possess, and that cannot be understood by robots.\">Les analystes doivent donc ajouter des informations \u00e0 l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e qu&rsquo;ils sont les seuls \u00e0 poss\u00e9der et que les robots ne peuvent pas comprendre. <\/span><span title=\"They need to add to the process new information about people, given by people.\">Ils doivent ajouter au processus la compr\u00e9hension des motivations et des \u00e9motions, des besoins et peurs, donn\u00e9es par les personnes les exprimant, et recueillies avec empathie. <\/span><span title=\"This type of information is disruption-proof for long, but needs analysts to get away from their office and excel spreadsheets, pick up their phone, test products, travel, read, talk, talk, talk...\">Ce type d\u2019information r\u00e9sistera bien plus longtemps \u00e0 la \u00ab\u00a0disruption\u00a0\u00bb. Mais les analystes ont besoin de quitter leur bureau et leur <em>laptop<\/em>, de prendre leur t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, de tester les produits et service, de voyager, de lire, de parler, de parler, de parler&#8230; et de prendre le risque de se tromper.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"And when they are done talking, come back, understand that a business cannot run without its people and use financial analytics to link all of those people together in a meaningful way, an investable way. \">Et quand ils ont fini de parler, revenir, comprendre qu&rsquo;une entreprise ne peut pas fonctionner sans un lien fort entre toutes ces personnes et utiliser l&rsquo;analyse financi\u00e8re pour les lier dans les chiffres, pour s\u00e9parer un investissement d&rsquo;une simple opinion, ou d&rsquo;un simple tableau excel.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The classic venture capitalist clich\u00e9 is to say that they &quot;invest in people not companies&quot;.\">Le clich\u00e9 classique du capital-risque est d&rsquo;affirmer qu&rsquo;ils \u00ab\u00a0investissent dans des personnes et non dans des entreprises\u00a0\u00bb. <\/span><span title=\"I would conclude by rephrasing this in a 3 part advise : \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Je conclurai en reformulant ceci:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"They are right, we should always invest in people, not companies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Ils ont raison, nous devrions <strong>toujours investir dans les personnes<\/strong>, et non simplement dans des entreprises.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"But investing in people is not only about investing in skillful management.\">Mais \u00ab\u00a0investir dans les personnes\u00a0\u00bb ne consiste <strong>pas seulement \u00e0 investir dans l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe dirigeante<\/strong>. Il faut investir \u00e9galement dans<\/span><span title=\"It is also about motivated employees, good suppliers, committed clients... and respect from the general public. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\"> des employ\u00e9s motiv\u00e9s, de bons fournisseurs, des clients convaincus\u2026 et dans le respect du grand public.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Finally, analytics are indeed useful, but only if you feed them with original information this is a bit more meaningful than just &quot;okay they reported a growing operational margin, and we are expecting this to continue because they said they would keep cutting costs&quot;. \">Enfin, l&rsquo;<strong>analyse des donn\u00e9es reste bien s\u00fbr indispensable, mais n&rsquo;aura de valeur que si elle est utilis\u00e9e avec des donn\u00e9es originales<\/strong>. \u00c9vitez donc le fameux \u00ab\u00a0OK d&rsquo;accord, ils ont publi\u00e9 une marge op\u00e9rationnelle en croissance, et nous nous attendons \u00e0 ce que cela continue, car ils nous ont promis qu&rsquo;ils continueraient \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts\u00a0\u00bb&#8230;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Investors, machines are coming for you, so leverage the edge you have over them.\">Investisseurs professionnels, les machines arrivent pour nous remplacer, alors profitons au maximum de l&rsquo;avantage que nous avons sur elles. Nous <\/span><span title=\"Leverage that you can understand what it like to be an investor, lender, banker, manager, employee, worker, client, partner, furnisher, regulator, competitor... and having a mother.\">seuls pouvons comprendre ce que cela signifie d&rsquo;\u00eatre un investisseur, un pr\u00eateur, un banquier, un directeur, un employ\u00e9, un ouvrier, un client, un partenaire, un fournisseur, un r\u00e9gulateur, un concurrent&#8230; ou d&rsquo;avoir une m\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n","protected":false,"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/what-about-your-mother\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Read this post in english<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">L'analyse financi\u00e8re est devenue trop analytique, abstraite. Elle doit redevenir plus \u00e9conomique, plus humaine.<\/span>\r\n<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-745\" src=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\">Il y a 3 ans, comme chaque ann\u00e9e depuis maintenant 8 ans, je me suis port\u00e9 volontaire comme \"mentor\" dans le cadre d'un concours d'analyse financi\u00e8re pour \u00e9tudiants connu sous le nom de \"CFA Research Challenge\". <span class=\"\">Lors de la finale fran\u00e7aise, l'une des \u00e9quipes finalistes s'est vue confront\u00e9e \u00e0 <strong>une question difficile<\/strong>, une question \u00e0 laquelle ils ne s'attendaient pas, une question \u00e0 laquelle ils auraient d\u00fb r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir bien avant.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"\">Ce petit moment g\u00eanant, anecdotique sur le coup, fut pour moi r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur d'un probl\u00e8me bien plus significatif. Il touchait \u00e0 quelque chose de plus grand, \u00e0 une d\u00e9rive qui d\u00e9t\u00e9riore la mani\u00e8re dont les jeunes professionnels de l'investissement (et certains plus \u00e2g\u00e9s) abordent de plus en plus leur m\u00e9tier.<\/span><span class=\"\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"The contest, which oppose once a year teams of brilliant students from universities around the entire world, consists, at the local (French) level, in the redaction of an equity research report, followed, for the finalist teams, by a 10 minutes presentation\">Le concours oppose une fois par an des \u00e9quipes d'\u00e9tudiants d'universit\u00e9s du monde entier. Il impose, au niveau local (en France), la r\u00e9daction d'un rapport d'analyse financi\u00e8re sur une entreprise, suivi, pour les meilleurs rapports, d'une pr\u00e9sentation de 10 minutes <\/span><span title=\"of their work to 3 experienced industry professionals, and a 10 minutes Q&amp;A. \">\u00e0 3 investisseurs exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s, elle-m\u00eame approfondie par une s\u00e9ance de questions-r\u00e9ponses de 10 minutes.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The company they all researched that year was Orp\u00e9a, a big nursing home manager in France.\">La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0 \u00e9tait <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orpea.com\/\">Orp\u00e9a<\/a>, le gestionnaire de maisons de retraite<\/strong>. L'\u00e9quipe en question \u00e9tait compos\u00e9e <\/span><span title=\"They were smart and hard working students, and their report and presentation was indeed very serious, quantified, focused on various metrics showing why one should invest in this company.\">d'\u00e9tudiants intelligents et laborieux, dont le haut niveau acad\u00e9mique \u00e9tait ind\u00e9niable. Leur rapport et leur pr\u00e9sentation \u00e9taient d'ailleurs tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieux, chiffr\u00e9s et mettaient en avant avec rigueur les divers indicateurs\u00a0 techniques prouvant pourquoi il fallait investir dans cette entreprise. <\/span><span title=\"They boasted about the industrialization the company achieved in the management of the houses, and the reduction of costs they managed to deliver... and so on.\">Ils indiquaient la forte industrialisation que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avait r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans la gestion des maisons et de la r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts qu'ils avaient obtenu... <\/span><span title=\"Technical, surgical and no mention whatsoever to the very sensible nature of this business, and how this was or not even important. \"><strong>Technique, pr\u00e9cis, froid, chirurgical, et sans aucun \u00e9tat d'\u00e2me pour la nature tr\u00e8s sensible de ce m\u00e9tier.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"But then came the Q&amp;A, and amid various technical questions, came the question they did not expect.\">Mais est venue alors la s\u00e9ance de questions, et parmi divers points techniques sans importance, la question \u00e0 laquelle ils ne s'attendaient pas, surtout venant<\/span><span title=\"And the hit came from a well-known and successful fund manager in France.\"> d'un g\u00e9rant de fonds exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 et reconnu.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>\"OK, c'est tr\u00e8s bien tout cela, mais honn\u00eatement, votre m\u00e8re, vous aimeriez la mettre dans ces maisons ?\"<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSilence assourdissant. G\u00eane dans l'\u00e9quipe et dans la salle.\r\n\r\nIls avaient deux choix :\r\n\r\n1 - R\u00e9pondre<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"> non, ce qui \u00e9tait \u00e9videmment la r\u00e9ponse la plus honn\u00eate, mais en contradiction flagrante avec toute leur pr\u00e9sentation, sans m\u00eame parler de l'image tr\u00e8s \"professionnelle\" et \"capitaliste\" qu'ils essayaient de maintenir.<\/span>\r\n\r\n2 - R\u00e9pondre oui, rester droit dans leurs bottes, et apparaitre devant toute l'assembl\u00e9e, comme des personnes insensibles et un peu cyniques.\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bien heureusement, le g\u00e9rant, personne tr\u00e8s sympathique par ailleurs, compris qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 un peu dur envers des \u00e9tudiants stress\u00e9s, et leur a lanc\u00e9 une bou\u00e9e de sauvetage. Il a reformul\u00e9 sa question d'une mani\u00e8re plus \u00e9vasive. Quelque chose comme \"Pensez-vous vraiment que r\u00e9duire fortement les co\u00fbts d'une entreprise aussi sensible est bon pour ses r\u00e9sultats \u00e0 long terme?\". Ils ont r\u00e9pondu comme ils pouvaient \u00e0 cela et sont pass\u00e9s \u00e0 la question suivante.\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Mais un arri\u00e8re-go\u00fbt amer est rest\u00e9 dans la bouche des pr\u00e9sents, moi compris.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\nIls n'ont pas gagn\u00e9. Une autre \u00e9quipe \u00e9tait objectivement plus forte de toute fa\u00e7on. Mais j'esp\u00e8re bien<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"> que l'exp\u00e9rience de ces quelques secondes de solitude leur aura \u00e9t\u00e9 utile.\r\n<\/span>\r\n<h2>L'analyse financi\u00e8re telle quelle est enseign\u00e9e a perdu pied avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/h2>\r\nCar je ne sais pas pour eux, mais cela m'a marqu\u00e9.\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"I was already giving, and I am even more now, the students I mentor the same advise when preparing their report and presentation : &quot;do not be overly technical, always think about the practical reality of the various human beings implicated. Employees, managers,\">Je donnais d\u00e9j\u00e0, et insiste encore plus dessus depuis, ce conseil aux \u00e9tudiants que j'accompagne: \"ne soyez pas exag\u00e9r\u00e9ment techniques, pensez toujours \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, pratique, des diff\u00e9rentes personnes impliqu\u00e9es. Employ\u00e9s, dirigeants, <\/span><span title=\"clients, providers, they are what this is really about&quot;.\">clients, fournisseurs, c'est bien d'eux qu'il s'agit \". <\/span><span title=\"Sure, sure you need to create valuation models, assess various financial risks.\">Bien s\u00fbr, vous devez cr\u00e9er des mod\u00e8les d\u2019\u00e9valuation, \u00e9valuer divers risques financiers. <\/span><span title=\"You can also talk about costs and compute financial ratios.\">Vous pouvez \u00e9galement parler de co\u00fbts et calculer des ratios financiers. <\/span><span title=\"You can create impressive regressions and talk about macroeconomics... yes yes this is good (and the contest's rules ask you to anyway). \">Vous pouvez cr\u00e9er des r\u00e9gressions impressionnantes et parler de macro\u00e9conomie... oui oui c'est bien (et les r\u00e8gles du concours vous le demandent de toute fa\u00e7on).<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"But at the end all of this has no value whatsoever if you cannot link your findings to very material micro-economics reality.\">Mais \u00e0 la fin, tout cela n\u2019aura pas beaucoup de valeur si vous ne pouvez lier vos r\u00e9sultats analytiques, les chiffres, \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 micro\u00e9conomique de l'entreprise, aux personnes qui la composent et \u00e0 leurs motivations.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong><span title=\"Being overly technical is actually easy, because you can easily prove that you have been diligent enough.\">\u00catre tr\u00e8s technique est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 assez agr\u00e9able, car vous pouvez facilement prouver avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment diligent. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"That you worked and are competent. \">Que vous avez travaill\u00e9 et \u00eates comp\u00e9tent.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"But this won't make you a good investor. \">Mais cela ne fera pas de vous un bon investisseur.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Think of it this way : \">Pensons-y de cette fa\u00e7on :\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Think of it this way : \">La connaissance de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique sans donn\u00e9es ni analyse <\/span><span title=\"Human economic reality without financial analysis to support it is merely an opinion. \">n'est gu\u00e8re plus qu'une opinion.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span title=\"But financial analysis without human economic reality is merely an excel spreadsheet.\">Mais l'analyse des donn\u00e9es sans lien avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique n'est gu\u00e8re plus\u00a0 qu'un tableur Excel.<\/span><\/strong>\r\n<h2>Et c'est bien la seule voie pour l'avenir<\/h2>\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"For a good 10 years now, index-tracking funds have gobbled up a very large chunk ( more then 30% in the US ) of the fund management business.\">Depuis une bonne dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, les fonds indiciels ont englouti un bon gros morceau (plus de 30% aux \u00c9tats-Unis) du march\u00e9 de la gestion de fonds. <\/span><span title=\"And they are still on the rise.\">Et ce mouvement n'est pas termin\u00e9. <\/span><span title=\"They do not try to apply any analysis in the investment, they are plain simple : they buy and hold the securities included in the index.\">Ces fonds n'essayent pas d'appliquer une analyse \u00e0 l'investissement, ils sont rudement simples: ils ach\u00e8tent et d\u00e9tiennent les titres inclus dans l'indice. <\/span><span title=\"That's it.\">C'est tout. <\/span><span title=\"No analysis at all.\">Aucune analyse. <\/span><span title=\"And they are gaining more and more momentum.\">Et leur momentum est ind\u00e9niable. <\/span><span title=\"Machines. \">Des machines.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Because active managers (i.e. traditionnal financial analysts) cannot reliably deliver over-performance anymore over the said indexes.\">Simplement parce que les g\u00e9rants dits \"actifs\" n'arrivent plus \u00e0 fournir de mani\u00e8re fiable et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re la sur-performance qu'ils vendent par rapport aux dits indices. <\/span><span title=\"As they have higher fees, they on average under-perform trackers.\">Comme ils ont des frais plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, ils sous-performent en moyenne les fonds indiciels. <\/span><span title=\"They might have in the past.\">Ils y arrivaient peut-\u00eatre dans le pass\u00e9, <\/span><span title=\"But they are not anymore (on average).\">mais ce n'est plus le cas (en moyenne).<\/span><span title=\"Don't get me wrong, for the greatest part of them they are honest, competent and diligent professionals. \">\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"There is many explanation to their inability to overperform as a group, but one of the biggest is the number of investors that are applying the very same analysis methods at the very same moment, with the very same data available. \">Il existe de nombreuses explications \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, mais l\u2019un des plus importants est le nombre d\u2019investisseurs qui appliquent exactement <strong>les m\u00eames m\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse financi\u00e8re, au m\u00eame moment, et avec les m\u00eames donn\u00e9es comptables disponibles.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"You guessed... it is huge (the number of Chartered Financial Analysts, the international standard for asset management, grew by a stunning 138.420 in the last ten years !).\">Vous avez devin\u00e9... ce nombre est \u00e9norme (le nombre d'analystes certifi\u00e9s CFA, la norme internationale en mati\u00e8re de gestion d'actifs, a ainsi augment\u00e9 de 138.420 rien que sur les dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es!). <\/span><span title=\"And they are all bright, well trained, and extremely technical young people. \">Et ce sont tous des analystes brillants, extr\u00eamement bien form\u00e9s et motiv\u00e9s.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Professional investing became so competitive that just relying on ratios and valuations models over past data that everyone have anyway just won't cut it anymore. \"><strong>L\u2019investissement professionnel est devenu tellement concurrentiel<\/strong>, en particulier sur les actions cot\u00e9es, <strong>que la m\u00e9thode d'investissement traditionnelle<\/strong> s'appuyant sur des mod\u00e8les de comparaison, de valorisation par rapport aux donn\u00e9es comptables publi\u00e9es, et d'entretiens exclusif avec les seuls dirigeants, informations dont tout le monde dispose de toute fa\u00e7on, <strong>n'a plus que tr\u00e8s peu de valeur<\/strong>.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Financial analysts now have to differentiate from each other to survive, they have to move away from the standardized models.\">Les analystes financiers doivent maintenant se diff\u00e9rencier les uns des autres pour survivre, ils doivent s\u2019\u00e9loigner des mod\u00e8les standardis\u00e9s. <\/span><span title=\"Those models are widespread and the alpha of dehumanized financial analysis has been arbitraged away a long time ago. \">L'utilisation de ces mod\u00e8les est bien trop r\u00e9pandue et<strong> l\u2019alpha de l\u2019analyse financi\u00e8re d\u00e9shumanis\u00e9e est arbitr\u00e9 depuis bien longtemps.<\/strong> Celui-ci a disparu ou plus probablement est si dilu\u00e9 qu'il ne couvre plus les frais de son impl\u00e9mentation.\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"They have now to add information to the analysis that they are the only one to possess, and that cannot be understood by robots.\">Les analystes doivent donc ajouter des informations \u00e0 l'entr\u00e9e qu'ils sont les seuls \u00e0 poss\u00e9der et que les robots ne peuvent pas comprendre. <\/span><span title=\"They need to add to the process new information about people, given by people.\">Ils doivent ajouter au processus la compr\u00e9hension des motivations et des \u00e9motions, des besoins et peurs, donn\u00e9es par les personnes les exprimant, et recueillies avec empathie. <\/span><span title=\"This type of information is disruption-proof for long, but needs analysts to get away from their office and excel spreadsheets, pick up their phone, test products, travel, read, talk, talk, talk...\">Ce type d\u2019information r\u00e9sistera bien plus longtemps \u00e0 la \"disruption\". Mais les analystes ont besoin de quitter leur bureau et leur <em>laptop<\/em>, de prendre leur t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, de tester les produits et service, de voyager, de lire, de parler, de parler, de parler... et de prendre le risque de se tromper.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"And when they are done talking, come back, understand that a business cannot run without its people and use financial analytics to link all of those people together in a meaningful way, an investable way. \">Et quand ils ont fini de parler, revenir, comprendre qu'une entreprise ne peut pas fonctionner sans un lien fort entre toutes ces personnes et utiliser l'analyse financi\u00e8re pour les lier dans les chiffres, pour s\u00e9parer un investissement d'une simple opinion, ou d'un simple tableau excel.\r\n<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The classic venture capitalist clich\u00e9 is to say that they &quot;invest in people not companies&quot;.\">Le clich\u00e9 classique du capital-risque est d'affirmer qu'ils \"investissent dans des personnes et non dans des entreprises\". <\/span><span title=\"I would conclude by rephrasing this in a 3 part advise : \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Je conclurai en reformulant ceci:\r\n<\/span>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"They are right, we should always invest in people, not companies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Ils ont raison, nous devrions <strong>toujours investir dans les personnes<\/strong>, et non simplement dans des entreprises.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"But investing in people is not only about investing in skillful management.\">Mais \"investir dans les personnes\" ne consiste <strong>pas seulement \u00e0 investir dans l'\u00e9quipe dirigeante<\/strong>. Il faut investir \u00e9galement dans<\/span><span title=\"It is also about motivated employees, good suppliers, committed clients... and respect from the general public. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\"> des employ\u00e9s motiv\u00e9s, de bons fournisseurs, des clients convaincus\u2026 et dans le respect du grand public.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Finally, analytics are indeed useful, but only if you feed them with original information this is a bit more meaningful than just &quot;okay they reported a growing operational margin, and we are expecting this to continue because they said they would keep cutting costs&quot;. \">Enfin, l'<strong>analyse des donn\u00e9es reste bien s\u00fbr indispensable, mais n'aura de valeur que si elle est utilis\u00e9e avec des donn\u00e9es originales<\/strong>. \u00c9vitez donc le fameux \"OK d'accord, ils ont publi\u00e9 une marge op\u00e9rationnelle en croissance, et nous nous attendons \u00e0 ce que cela continue, car ils nous ont promis qu'ils continueraient \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts\"...\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Investors, machines are coming for you, so leverage the edge you have over them.\">Investisseurs professionnels, les machines arrivent pour nous remplacer, alors profitons au maximum de l'avantage que nous avons sur elles. Nous <\/span><span title=\"Leverage that you can understand what it like to be an investor, lender, banker, manager, employee, worker, client, partner, furnisher, regulator, competitor... and having a mother.\">seuls pouvons comprendre ce que cela signifie d'\u00eatre un investisseur, un pr\u00eateur, un banquier, un directeur, un employ\u00e9, un ouvrier, un client, un partenaire, un fournisseur, un r\u00e9gulateur, un concurrent... ou d'avoir une m\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><\/h2>"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_en_post_content":"<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/et-votre-mere-vous-la-mettez-ou\"><em>Lire cet article en fran\u00e7ais<\/em><\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>Financial analysis education became too analytical and de-humanized. It needs\u00a0 to get back to more balanced, human, basics.\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-745\" src=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/>\r\n\r\n3 years ago, as every year for 8 years now, I volunteered as a \"mentor\" in a student financial analysis contest known as the \"CFA Research Challenge\". During the French final, one of the student team was <strong>confronted with a very harsh and deep-meaning question about investment<\/strong>, a question they did not expect, a question they should have been taught about.\r\n\r\nIt was memorable because, while anecdotic at the time, it reached to something bigger, a problem that undermine the way young investment professionals (and some older) relate to their job. A question about the meaning of it.\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe contest, which oppose once a year teams of <strong>brilliant students from universities around the world,<\/strong> consists, at the local (French) level, in the redaction of an equity research report, followed, for the finalist teams, by a 10 minutes presentation of their work to 3 experienced industry professionals, and a 10 minutes Q&amp;A.\r\n\r\nThe company they all researched that year was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orpea.com\/\">Orp\u00e9a<\/a>, a big nursing home manager in France. They were smart and hard working students, and their report and presentation was indeed very serious, quantified, focused on various metrics showing why one should invest in this company. They boasted about the industrialization the company achieved in the management of the houses, and the reduction of costs they managed to deliver... and so on. Technical, surgical and <strong>no mention whatsoever to the very sensible nature of this business<\/strong>, and how this was or not even relevant.\r\n\r\nBut then came the Q&amp;A, and amid various technical questions, came the question they did not expect. And the hit came from a well-known and successful fund manager in France. The very person they did not expect this unexpected question to come from.\r\n\r\n<strong>\"Okay this is great, but honestly, would you like putting your own mother in those nursing homes ?\"<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDeafening silence. Confusion in the team.\r\n\r\nThey had <strong>2 choices<\/strong> :\r\n\r\n1 - Say no, which was obviously the good answer but was in blatant contradiction with all the very precise and theoretical model they just presented, not even talking about the very \"professional\" and capitalistic image they were trying to uphold.\r\n\r\n2 - Say yes, keep analytical to the end, and appear as rough, cynical and insensitive human beings.\r\n\r\nFortunately for them, the fund manager, a nice guy, who knew this was a bit harsh for stressed young students, helped them out by rephrasing the question in a more escapable way. Something like \"Do you really think that hard cost cutting on such a sensible business is good for the company on the long run?\". They somehow answered that and they all moved on.\r\n\r\nBut <strong>the very disturbing feeling stayed<\/strong>, and blurred the rest of the team's performance.\r\n\r\nThey did not win. Another team was objectively stronger anyway. But I sure hope they did learn something during those few awkward seconds.\r\n<h2>Financial analysis has become dehumanized, too technical<\/h2>\r\nBecause I definitely did.\r\n\r\nI was already giving, and I am even more now, the students I mentor the same advise when preparing their report and presentation : \"<strong>do not be overly technical, always think about the practical reality<\/strong> of the various human beings implicated. Employees, managers, clients, providers, they are what this is really about\". Sure, sure you need to create valuation models, assess various financial risks. You can also talk about costs and compute financial ratios. You can create impressive regressions and talk about macroeconomics... yes yes this is good (and the contest's rules ask you to anyway).\r\n\r\nBut at the end all of this has no value whatsoever if you cannot link your findings to very material micro-economics reality. And when I say \"micro-economics\" I of course think \"human\" reality.\r\n\r\n<strong>Being overly technical is actually easy, because you can easily prove that you have been diligent enough<\/strong>. That you worked and are competent.\r\n\r\nBut this won't make you a good investor.\r\n\r\nThink of it this way :\r\n\r\nHuman economic reality without financial analysis to support it is merely an <strong>opinion<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nBut financial analysis without human economic reality is merely an <strong>excel spreadsheet.<\/strong>\r\n<h2>And this is the only way forward...<\/h2>\r\nFor a good 10 years now, index-tracking funds have gobbled up a very large chunk ( more then 30% in the US ) of the fund management business. And they are still on the rise. They do not try to apply any analysis in the investment, they are plain simple : they buy and hold the securities included in the index. That's it. No analysis at all. And they are gaining more and more momentum. Machines.\r\n\r\nWhy ?\r\n\r\nBecause active managers (i.e. traditionnal financial analysts) cannot reliably deliver over-performance anymore over the said indexes. As they have higher fees, they on average under-perform trackers. They might have in the past. But they are not anymore (on average). Don't get me wrong, for the greatest part of them they are honest, competent and diligent professionals.\r\n\r\nThere are many explanations to their inability to overperform as a group, but one of the biggest is <strong>the number of investors that are applying the very same analysis methods at the very same moment, with the very same data available.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nYou guessed<strong>... it is huge <\/strong>(the number of Chartered Financial Analysts, the international standard for asset management, grew by a stunning 138.420 in the last ten years !). And they are all bright, well trained, and extremely technical young people.\r\n\r\nProfessional investing became so competitive that just relying on ratios and valuations models over past data that everyone have anyway just won't cut it anymore.\r\n\r\nFinancial analysts now have to differentiate from each other to survive, they have to move away from the standardized models. Those models are widespread and <strong>the alpha of dehumanized financial analysis has been arbitraged away a long time ago, <\/strong>or at least it is so diluted now that it does not cover the fees.<strong>\r\n<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThey have now to <strong>add information to the analysis that they are the only one to possess<\/strong>, and that cannot be understood by robots. They need to add to the process new information about people, given by people. This type of information is disruption-proof for long, but requires analysts to get away from their office and excel spreadsheets, pick up their phone, test products, travel, read, talk, read, talk...\r\n\r\nAnd when they are done talking, come back, understand that a business cannot run without its people and <strong>use financial analytics to link all of those people together in a meaningful way, an investable way.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe classic venture capitalist clich\u00e9 is to say that they \"invest in people not companies\". I would conclude by rephrasing this in a 3 part advise :\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>They are right, we should always invest in people, not companies.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>But investing in people is not only about investing in skillful management. It is also about motivated employees, good suppliers, committed clients... and respect from the general public.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Finally, analytics are indeed unavoidable, but are only useful if you feed them with original information this is a bit more meaningful than just \"okay they reported a growing operational margin, and we are expecting this to continue because they said they would keep cutting costs\".<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nInvestors, our work got a lot harder and competitive, so we need to leverage the edge we have over them. <strong>We need to leverage that we can understand what it is like to be an investor, lender, banker, manager, employee, worker, client, partner, furnisher, regulator, competitor... and having a mother.<\/strong>","_en_post_name":"what-about-your-mother","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"What about your mother ?","_fr_post_content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/what-about-your-mother\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Read this post in english<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">L'analyse financi\u00e8re est devenue trop analytique, abstraite. Elle doit redevenir plus \u00e9conomique, plus humaine.<\/span>\r\n<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-745\" src=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Image17-large-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\">Il y a 3 ans, comme chaque ann\u00e9e depuis maintenant 8 ans, je me suis port\u00e9 volontaire comme \"mentor\" dans le cadre d'un concours d'analyse financi\u00e8re pour \u00e9tudiants connu sous le nom de \"CFA Research Challenge\". <span class=\"\">Lors de la finale fran\u00e7aise, l'une des \u00e9quipes finalistes s'est vue confront\u00e9e \u00e0 <strong>une question difficile<\/strong>, une question \u00e0 laquelle ils ne s'attendaient pas, une question \u00e0 laquelle ils auraient d\u00fb r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir bien avant.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"\">Ce petit moment g\u00eanant, anecdotique sur le coup, fut pour moi r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur d'un probl\u00e8me bien plus significatif. Il touchait \u00e0 quelque chose de plus grand, \u00e0 une d\u00e9rive qui d\u00e9t\u00e9riore la mani\u00e8re dont les jeunes professionnels de l'investissement (et certains plus \u00e2g\u00e9s) abordent de plus en plus leur m\u00e9tier.<\/span><span class=\"\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"The contest, which oppose once a year teams of brilliant students from universities around the entire world, consists, at the local (French) level, in the redaction of an equity research report, followed, for the finalist teams, by a 10 minutes presentation\">Le concours oppose une fois par an des \u00e9quipes d'\u00e9tudiants d'universit\u00e9s du monde entier. Il impose, au niveau local (en France), la r\u00e9daction d'un rapport d'analyse financi\u00e8re sur une entreprise, suivi, pour les meilleurs rapports, d'une pr\u00e9sentation de 10 minutes <\/span><span title=\"of their work to 3 experienced industry professionals, and a 10 minutes Q&amp;A. \">\u00e0 3 investisseurs exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s, elle-m\u00eame approfondie par une s\u00e9ance de questions-r\u00e9ponses de 10 minutes.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The company they all researched that year was Orp\u00e9a, a big nursing home manager in France.\">La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0 \u00e9tait <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orpea.com\/\">Orp\u00e9a<\/a>, le gestionnaire de maisons de retraite<\/strong>. L'\u00e9quipe en question \u00e9tait compos\u00e9e <\/span><span title=\"They were smart and hard working students, and their report and presentation was indeed very serious, quantified, focused on various metrics showing why one should invest in this company.\">d'\u00e9tudiants intelligents et laborieux, dont le haut niveau acad\u00e9mique \u00e9tait ind\u00e9niable. Leur rapport et leur pr\u00e9sentation \u00e9taient d'ailleurs tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieux, chiffr\u00e9s et mettaient en avant avec rigueur les divers indicateurs\u00a0 techniques prouvant pourquoi il fallait investir dans cette entreprise. <\/span><span title=\"They boasted about the industrialization the company achieved in the management of the houses, and the reduction of costs they managed to deliver... and so on.\">Ils indiquaient la forte industrialisation que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avait r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans la gestion des maisons et de la r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts qu'ils avaient obtenu... <\/span><span title=\"Technical, surgical and no mention whatsoever to the very sensible nature of this business, and how this was or not even important. \"><strong>Technique, pr\u00e9cis, froid, chirurgical, et sans aucun \u00e9tat d'\u00e2me pour la nature tr\u00e8s sensible de ce m\u00e9tier.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"But then came the Q&amp;A, and amid various technical questions, came the question they did not expect.\">Mais est venue alors la s\u00e9ance de questions, et parmi divers points techniques sans importance, la question \u00e0 laquelle ils ne s'attendaient pas, surtout venant<\/span><span title=\"And the hit came from a well-known and successful fund manager in France.\"> d'un g\u00e9rant de fonds exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 et reconnu.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>\"OK, c'est tr\u00e8s bien tout cela, mais honn\u00eatement, votre m\u00e8re, vous aimeriez la mettre dans ces maisons ?\"<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSilence assourdissant. G\u00eane dans l'\u00e9quipe et dans la salle.\r\n\r\nIls avaient deux choix :\r\n\r\n1 - R\u00e9pondre<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"> non, ce qui \u00e9tait \u00e9videmment la r\u00e9ponse la plus honn\u00eate, mais en contradiction flagrante avec toute leur pr\u00e9sentation, sans m\u00eame parler de l'image tr\u00e8s \"professionnelle\" et \"capitaliste\" qu'ils essayaient de maintenir.<\/span>\r\n\r\n2 - R\u00e9pondre oui, rester droit dans leurs bottes, et apparaitre devant toute l'assembl\u00e9e, comme des personnes insensibles et un peu cyniques.\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bien heureusement, le g\u00e9rant, personne tr\u00e8s sympathique par ailleurs, compris qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 un peu dur envers des \u00e9tudiants stress\u00e9s, et leur a lanc\u00e9 une bou\u00e9e de sauvetage. Il a reformul\u00e9 sa question d'une mani\u00e8re plus \u00e9vasive. Quelque chose comme \"Pensez-vous vraiment que r\u00e9duire fortement les co\u00fbts d'une entreprise aussi sensible est bon pour ses r\u00e9sultats \u00e0 long terme?\". Ils ont r\u00e9pondu comme ils pouvaient \u00e0 cela et sont pass\u00e9s \u00e0 la question suivante.\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Mais un arri\u00e8re-go\u00fbt amer est rest\u00e9 dans la bouche des pr\u00e9sents, moi compris.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\nIls n'ont pas gagn\u00e9. Une autre \u00e9quipe \u00e9tait objectivement plus forte de toute fa\u00e7on. Mais j'esp\u00e8re bien<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"> que l'exp\u00e9rience de ces quelques secondes de solitude leur aura \u00e9t\u00e9 utile.\r\n<\/span>\r\n<h2>L'analyse financi\u00e8re telle quelle est enseign\u00e9e a perdu pied avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/h2>\r\nCar je ne sais pas pour eux, mais cela m'a marqu\u00e9.\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"I was already giving, and I am even more now, the students I mentor the same advise when preparing their report and presentation : &quot;do not be overly technical, always think about the practical reality of the various human beings implicated. Employees, managers,\">Je donnais d\u00e9j\u00e0, et insiste encore plus dessus depuis, ce conseil aux \u00e9tudiants que j'accompagne: \"ne soyez pas exag\u00e9r\u00e9ment techniques, pensez toujours \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, pratique, des diff\u00e9rentes personnes impliqu\u00e9es. Employ\u00e9s, dirigeants, <\/span><span title=\"clients, providers, they are what this is really about&quot;.\">clients, fournisseurs, c'est bien d'eux qu'il s'agit \". <\/span><span title=\"Sure, sure you need to create valuation models, assess various financial risks.\">Bien s\u00fbr, vous devez cr\u00e9er des mod\u00e8les d\u2019\u00e9valuation, \u00e9valuer divers risques financiers. <\/span><span title=\"You can also talk about costs and compute financial ratios.\">Vous pouvez \u00e9galement parler de co\u00fbts et calculer des ratios financiers. <\/span><span title=\"You can create impressive regressions and talk about macroeconomics... yes yes this is good (and the contest's rules ask you to anyway). \">Vous pouvez cr\u00e9er des r\u00e9gressions impressionnantes et parler de macro\u00e9conomie... oui oui c'est bien (et les r\u00e8gles du concours vous le demandent de toute fa\u00e7on).<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"But at the end all of this has no value whatsoever if you cannot link your findings to very material micro-economics reality.\">Mais \u00e0 la fin, tout cela n\u2019aura pas beaucoup de valeur si vous ne pouvez lier vos r\u00e9sultats analytiques, les chiffres, \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 micro\u00e9conomique de l'entreprise, aux personnes qui la composent et \u00e0 leurs motivations.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong><span title=\"Being overly technical is actually easy, because you can easily prove that you have been diligent enough.\">\u00catre tr\u00e8s technique est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 assez agr\u00e9able, car vous pouvez facilement prouver avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment diligent. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"That you worked and are competent. \">Que vous avez travaill\u00e9 et \u00eates comp\u00e9tent.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"But this won't make you a good investor. \">Mais cela ne fera pas de vous un bon investisseur.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Think of it this way : \">Pensons-y de cette fa\u00e7on :\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Think of it this way : \">La connaissance de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique sans donn\u00e9es ni analyse <\/span><span title=\"Human economic reality without financial analysis to support it is merely an opinion. \">n'est gu\u00e8re plus qu'une opinion.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span title=\"But financial analysis without human economic reality is merely an excel spreadsheet.\">Mais l'analyse des donn\u00e9es sans lien avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique n'est gu\u00e8re plus\u00a0 qu'un tableur Excel.<\/span><\/strong>\r\n<h2>Et c'est bien la seule voie pour l'avenir<\/h2>\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"For a good 10 years now, index-tracking funds have gobbled up a very large chunk ( more then 30% in the US ) of the fund management business.\">Depuis une bonne dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, les fonds indiciels ont englouti un bon gros morceau (plus de 30% aux \u00c9tats-Unis) du march\u00e9 de la gestion de fonds. <\/span><span title=\"And they are still on the rise.\">Et ce mouvement n'est pas termin\u00e9. <\/span><span title=\"They do not try to apply any analysis in the investment, they are plain simple : they buy and hold the securities included in the index.\">Ces fonds n'essayent pas d'appliquer une analyse \u00e0 l'investissement, ils sont rudement simples: ils ach\u00e8tent et d\u00e9tiennent les titres inclus dans l'indice. <\/span><span title=\"That's it.\">C'est tout. <\/span><span title=\"No analysis at all.\">Aucune analyse. <\/span><span title=\"And they are gaining more and more momentum.\">Et leur momentum est ind\u00e9niable. <\/span><span title=\"Machines. \">Des machines.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Because active managers (i.e. traditionnal financial analysts) cannot reliably deliver over-performance anymore over the said indexes.\">Simplement parce que les g\u00e9rants dits \"actifs\" n'arrivent plus \u00e0 fournir de mani\u00e8re fiable et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re la sur-performance qu'ils vendent par rapport aux dits indices. <\/span><span title=\"As they have higher fees, they on average under-perform trackers.\">Comme ils ont des frais plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, ils sous-performent en moyenne les fonds indiciels. <\/span><span title=\"They might have in the past.\">Ils y arrivaient peut-\u00eatre dans le pass\u00e9, <\/span><span title=\"But they are not anymore (on average).\">mais ce n'est plus le cas (en moyenne).<\/span><span title=\"Don't get me wrong, for the greatest part of them they are honest, competent and diligent professionals. \">\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"There is many explanation to their inability to overperform as a group, but one of the biggest is the number of investors that are applying the very same analysis methods at the very same moment, with the very same data available. \">Il existe de nombreuses explications \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, mais l\u2019un des plus importants est le nombre d\u2019investisseurs qui appliquent exactement <strong>les m\u00eames m\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse financi\u00e8re, au m\u00eame moment, et avec les m\u00eames donn\u00e9es comptables disponibles.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"You guessed... it is huge (the number of Chartered Financial Analysts, the international standard for asset management, grew by a stunning 138.420 in the last ten years !).\">Vous avez devin\u00e9... ce nombre est \u00e9norme (le nombre d'analystes certifi\u00e9s CFA, la norme internationale en mati\u00e8re de gestion d'actifs, a ainsi augment\u00e9 de 138.420 rien que sur les dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es!). <\/span><span title=\"And they are all bright, well trained, and extremely technical young people. \">Et ce sont tous des analystes brillants, extr\u00eamement bien form\u00e9s et motiv\u00e9s.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Professional investing became so competitive that just relying on ratios and valuations models over past data that everyone have anyway just won't cut it anymore. \"><strong>L\u2019investissement professionnel est devenu tellement concurrentiel<\/strong>, en particulier sur les actions cot\u00e9es, <strong>que la m\u00e9thode d'investissement traditionnelle<\/strong> s'appuyant sur des mod\u00e8les de comparaison, de valorisation par rapport aux donn\u00e9es comptables publi\u00e9es, et d'entretiens exclusif avec les seuls dirigeants, informations dont tout le monde dispose de toute fa\u00e7on, <strong>n'a plus que tr\u00e8s peu de valeur<\/strong>.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Financial analysts now have to differentiate from each other to survive, they have to move away from the standardized models.\">Les analystes financiers doivent maintenant se diff\u00e9rencier les uns des autres pour survivre, ils doivent s\u2019\u00e9loigner des mod\u00e8les standardis\u00e9s. <\/span><span title=\"Those models are widespread and the alpha of dehumanized financial analysis has been arbitraged away a long time ago. \">L'utilisation de ces mod\u00e8les est bien trop r\u00e9pandue et<strong> l\u2019alpha de l\u2019analyse financi\u00e8re d\u00e9shumanis\u00e9e est arbitr\u00e9 depuis bien longtemps.<\/strong> Celui-ci a disparu ou plus probablement est si dilu\u00e9 qu'il ne couvre plus les frais de son impl\u00e9mentation.\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"They have now to add information to the analysis that they are the only one to possess, and that cannot be understood by robots.\">Les analystes doivent donc ajouter des informations \u00e0 l'entr\u00e9e qu'ils sont les seuls \u00e0 poss\u00e9der et que les robots ne peuvent pas comprendre. <\/span><span title=\"They need to add to the process new information about people, given by people.\">Ils doivent ajouter au processus la compr\u00e9hension des motivations et des \u00e9motions, des besoins et peurs, donn\u00e9es par les personnes les exprimant, et recueillies avec empathie. <\/span><span title=\"This type of information is disruption-proof for long, but needs analysts to get away from their office and excel spreadsheets, pick up their phone, test products, travel, read, talk, talk, talk...\">Ce type d\u2019information r\u00e9sistera bien plus longtemps \u00e0 la \"disruption\". Mais les analystes ont besoin de quitter leur bureau et leur <em>laptop<\/em>, de prendre leur t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, de tester les produits et service, de voyager, de lire, de parler, de parler, de parler... et de prendre le risque de se tromper.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"And when they are done talking, come back, understand that a business cannot run without its people and use financial analytics to link all of those people together in a meaningful way, an investable way. \">Et quand ils ont fini de parler, revenir, comprendre qu'une entreprise ne peut pas fonctionner sans un lien fort entre toutes ces personnes et utiliser l'analyse financi\u00e8re pour les lier dans les chiffres, pour s\u00e9parer un investissement d'une simple opinion, ou d'un simple tableau excel.\r\n<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The classic venture capitalist clich\u00e9 is to say that they &quot;invest in people not companies&quot;.\">Le clich\u00e9 classique du capital-risque est d'affirmer qu'ils \"investissent dans des personnes et non dans des entreprises\". <\/span><span title=\"I would conclude by rephrasing this in a 3 part advise : \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Je conclurai en reformulant ceci:\r\n<\/span>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"They are right, we should always invest in people, not companies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Ils ont raison, nous devrions <strong>toujours investir dans les personnes<\/strong>, et non simplement dans des entreprises.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"But investing in people is not only about investing in skillful management.\">Mais \"investir dans les personnes\" ne consiste <strong>pas seulement \u00e0 investir dans l'\u00e9quipe dirigeante<\/strong>. Il faut investir \u00e9galement dans<\/span><span title=\"It is also about motivated employees, good suppliers, committed clients... and respect from the general public. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\"> des employ\u00e9s motiv\u00e9s, de bons fournisseurs, des clients convaincus\u2026 et dans le respect du grand public.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Finally, analytics are indeed useful, but only if you feed them with original information this is a bit more meaningful than just &quot;okay they reported a growing operational margin, and we are expecting this to continue because they said they would keep cutting costs&quot;. \">Enfin, l'<strong>analyse des donn\u00e9es reste bien s\u00fbr indispensable, mais n'aura de valeur que si elle est utilis\u00e9e avec des donn\u00e9es originales<\/strong>. \u00c9vitez donc le fameux \"OK d'accord, ils ont publi\u00e9 une marge op\u00e9rationnelle en croissance, et nous nous attendons \u00e0 ce que cela continue, car ils nous ont promis qu'ils continueraient \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts\"...\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Investors, machines are coming for you, so leverage the edge you have over them.\">Investisseurs professionnels, les machines arrivent pour nous remplacer, alors profitons au maximum de l'avantage que nous avons sur elles. Nous <\/span><span title=\"Leverage that you can understand what it like to be an investor, lender, banker, manager, employee, worker, client, partner, furnisher, regulator, competitor... and having a mother.\">seuls pouvons comprendre ce que cela signifie d'\u00eatre un investisseur, un pr\u00eateur, un banquier, un directeur, un employ\u00e9, un ouvrier, un client, un partenaire, un fournisseur, un r\u00e9gulateur, un concurrent... ou d'avoir une m\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><\/h2>","_fr_post_name":"et-votre-mere-vous-la-mettez-ou","_fr_post_excerpt":"","_fr_post_title":"Et votre m\u00e8re, vous la mettez o\u00f9 ?","edit_language":"fr","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-asset-management"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=653"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":749,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions\/749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}