{"id":601,"date":"2018-09-17T11:05:07","date_gmt":"2018-09-17T10:05:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/?p=601"},"modified":"2018-09-18T14:14:15","modified_gmt":"2018-09-18T13:14:15","slug":"rechauffement-climatique-que-faire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/rechauffement-climatique-que-faire","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9chauffement climatique. Mais que pouvons-nous y faire ?","raw":"R\u00e9chauffement climatique. Mais que pouvons-nous y faire ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/global-warming-what-can-we-really-do-about-it\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Read this post in english<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est bien l\u00e0, et l&rsquo;espoir est d\u00e9sormais mince d&rsquo;\u00e9viter tous ses effets. Peut-\u00eatre est il temps de s&rsquo;y pr\u00e9parer.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-640\" src=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Image14-large-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"377\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"In my last, and more obscure, post about data-mining bias ( that you should of course read, see here ) I illustrated my argument with the example of extreme weather news reports.\">Dans mon dernier article, un peu obscur, consacr\u00e9 au \u00ab\u00a0biais de data-mining\u00a0\u00bb (que vous devriez bien s\u00fbr lire malgr\u00e9 son titre, <a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/prenez-garde-au-biais-qui-vous-guette\">voir ici\u00a0<\/a>), j&rsquo;ai illustr\u00e9 mon argumentation en donnant comme exemple la mani\u00e8re erron\u00e9e dont les journalistes relatent constamment les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames. <\/span><span title=\"To sum it up, my point was that while the increasing regularity of extreme heat\/frost waves is probably a consequence of global warming, one separate occurrence was absolutely not sufficient to prove anything about it. \">Pour r\u00e9sumer, j&rsquo;expliquais que si la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 croissante des vagues de chaleur et de gel extr\u00eames est probablement une cons\u00e9quence du r\u00e9chauffement climatique, une unique occurrence de ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes n&rsquo;est absolument pas suffisante pour prouver quoi que ce soit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"In the meantime however, summer passed in the north hemisphere, and it was hot.\">Entre-temps, <strong>l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 est pass\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord et il a fait chaud. Sacr\u00e9ment <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"Damn hot all around.\">chaud ! <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"And while still not proving anything &quot;by itself&quot;, it did make me think about global warming.\">Et m\u00eame si ce nouvel \u00e9pisode ne prouve toujours rien <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00e0 lui tout seul<\/span>, cela m&rsquo;a quand m\u00eame fait r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir au r\u00e9chauffement climatique. <\/span><span title=\"And I am sure you did too. \">Et je suis s\u00fbr que c&rsquo;est aussi votre cas.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Global warming is here.\">Car le r\u00e9chauffement est bien l\u00e0. Plus <\/span><span title=\"No doubt.\">aucun doute. <\/span><span title=\"What was once upon a time a scientific theory became a few decades ago a scientific and political issue.\">Ce qui \u00e9tait autrefois une simple th\u00e9orie scientifique est devenu il y a quelques d\u00e9cennies une question politique de premier plan. <\/span><span title=\"Now it is starting to turn into a scary and material reality for everyone.\">D\u00e9sormais, celui-ci est devenu une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 effrayante et mat\u00e9rielle pour nous tous. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Therefore we are an ever growing number of good-willing people eager to react to it.\">Face \u00e0 cela, nous sommes un nombre croissant de personnes de bonne volont\u00e9 d\u00e9sireuses de r\u00e9agir. <\/span><strong><span title=\"I, among many other, believe that global warming is happening.\">Je pense, comme beaucoup d&rsquo;autres, que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"I, among many other, am very much convinced that its main origin is human activity.\"><strong>Je suis, comme beaucoup d&rsquo;autres, convaincu que son origine principale est humaine<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"Finally, I, among many other, am most willing to do something about it. \">Enfin je souhaite, comme beaucoup d&rsquo;autres, r\u00e9agir.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"But here is the problem. \">Mais voil\u00e0 le probl\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"What can I do?\">Que puis-je y faire? <\/span><span title=\"I really really want to do something but I feel overwhelmed by it, so what can I really do ?\">Je veux r\u00e9agir et agir mais, seul, je me sens d\u00e9pass\u00e9. Alors que puis-je vraiment y faire?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Because I feel insignificant, helpless in the fight. \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Car que je me sens insignifiant, impuissant dans cette lutte.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Global warming has now been predicted and observed for more than 100 years, and no political consensus strong enough to restrain it have been found.\">Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est maintenant pr\u00e9dit et observ\u00e9 depuis plus de 100 ans et <strong>aucun consensus politique assez fort pour le contenir n&rsquo;a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"The very honorable, albeit modest, agreement of COP21 was blown to pieces by Donald Trump and its supporters.\">L&rsquo;accord, tr\u00e8s honorable quoique modeste, de la COP21 a \u00e9t\u00e9 balay\u00e9 d&rsquo;un revers de main par Donald Trump et ses partisans. <\/span><span title=\"It might be back, I sure hope so, but for now there is no other deal in sight. \">J&rsquo;esp\u00e8re bien s\u00fbr que celui-ci renaitra de ses cendres, mais pour l&rsquo;instant il n&rsquo;y a pas d&rsquo;autre accord en vue.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Even if we could, finally, and I would actively vote for the people sponsoring it, agree on global emission reductions that countries are willing to uphold, it probably would not allow us to stop the warming, but merely to slow it down, not even\">M\u00eame si nous r\u00e9ussissions enfin \u00e0 sceller un accord global, contraignant et respect\u00e9, de r\u00e9ductions des \u00e9missions, <strong>cela ne nous permettrait probablement pas d\u2019arr\u00eater le r\u00e9chauffement, mais simplement de le ralentir<\/strong>. Et je ne parle m\u00eame pas d&rsquo;un possible retour<\/span><span title=\"speaking of reducing it back to &quot;normal&quot;. \"> \u00e0 la \u00ab\u00a0normale\u00a0\u00bb pr\u00e9industrielle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"And on top of this, more heat also means, among many other vicious side effects, more wildfires (which do release significant amount of CO\u00b2) and higher need for AC which means higher power production, and thus CO\u00b2 emission in countries where the energy mix\">En plus de cela, plus de chaleur signifie, parmi de nombreux autres effets pervers, plus de feux de for\u00eat (qui lib\u00e8rent une quantit\u00e9 importante de CO\u00b2) et un besoin accru en air conditionn\u00e9, ce qui signifie une production d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e et des \u00e9missions suppl\u00e9mentaires de CO\u00b2 tant que le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique reste tr\u00e8s carbon\u00e9<\/span><span title=\"is highly carbonated.\">. <\/span><span title=\"So global warming might actually be self-sustaining.\">Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique peut donc m\u00eame donner l&rsquo;impression de pouvoir s&rsquo;auto-alimenter. <\/span><span title=\"Depressing. \">D\u00e9primant.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Moreover, when I think about what is blocking the way for a deal, I realize that I am biased in the matter.\">Quand, face \u00e0 cela, je r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis \u00e0 ce qui bloque la voie vers un tel accord, je r\u00e9alise que je suis en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s partial en la mati\u00e8re. Car j<\/span><span title=\"I am rich : I have food, water, medical care and a roof upon my head.\">e suis riche ! J&rsquo;ai de la nourriture, de l&rsquo;eau, un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des soins m\u00e9dicaux de qualit\u00e9 et un toit sur la t\u00eate. <\/span><span title=\"And I admit that until everyone has the same, there will probably be no consensus.\">Et je me demande bien si nous pourrons trouver un consensus tant que tout le monde n\u2019aura pas la m\u00eame chance<\/span><span title=\"Not going to happen soon, no.\">. <\/span><span title=\"People that don't have proper water or food don't really care about global warming, they have more dire concerns, and I think this is perfectly understandable. \"><strong>Les personnes qui n&rsquo;ont pas assez d&rsquo;eau ou de nourriture ne se soucient pas vraiment du r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te, ils ont des pr\u00e9occupations plus imm\u00e9diates<\/strong>, et je pense que c&rsquo;est parfaitement compr\u00e9hensible.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"We are telling them : &quot;Careful because we are leaving our children a world that will be so much harder to live in !&quot; \">Nous leur disons: \u00ab\u00a0Attention, nous laissons \u00e0 nos enfants un monde o\u00f9 il ne ferra pas bon vivre dans 100 ans!\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"They are answering : &quot;OK but my children might not have enough money to buy food, so I will take care of that first right ?&quot;. \">Ils nous r\u00e9pondent: \u00ab\u00a0OK, mais mes enfants n&rsquo;auront peut-\u00eatre pas assez d&rsquo;argent pour acheter de la nourriture dans six mois, alors je vais m&rsquo;occuper de cela d&rsquo;abord, d&rsquo;accord ?\u00a0\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, when I look at figures, I can sincerely doubt my modest participation to be more than cosmetic.\">Enfin, quand je regarde les chiffres, <strong>je doute sinc\u00e8rement que ma modeste participation soit plus que cosm\u00e9tique<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"Buying fuel efficient cars, riding bikes, using mass transportation, limiting AC during summer or heating during winter, consuming less and locally produced goods... whatever I was told to be useful, seems a bit futile when you realize that every Chinese that is\">Acheter des voitures \u00e9conomes en carburant, faire du v\u00e9lo, utiliser les transports en commun, limiter la climatisation en \u00e9t\u00e9 ou le chauffage en hiver, isoler mon appartement, consommer moins de biens et produire localement&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Buying fuel efficient cars, riding bikes, using mass transportation, limiting AC during summer or heating during winter, consuming less and locally produced goods... whatever I was told to be useful, seems a bit futile when you realize that every Chinese that is\"><strong>Tout ce qui m\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme utile me semble un peu futile<\/strong> quand je vois qu&rsquo;un enfant chinois <\/span><span title=\"born today will &quot;emit&quot; around 8 tons a year, and every newborn American will &quot;emit&quot; around 16 tons a year of CO\u00b2, while my reasonable effort might, I guess, only save 1 or 2 tons a year max from the approximate 5\">n\u00e9 aujourd&rsquo;hui va \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9mettre\u00a0\u00bb environ 8 tonnes de CO\u00b2 par an, et que chaque nouveau-n\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9mettra\u00a0\u00bb environ 16 tonnes de CO\u00b2 par an, alors que mon petit effort ne permet, je suppose, d&rsquo;\u00e9conomiser que 1 ou 2 tonnes par an au maximum sur les 5 \u00e0 <\/span><span title=\"-6 tons a year I emit as a French. \">6 tonnes par an que j&rsquo;\u00e9mets en moyenne en tant que fran\u00e7ais.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"To sum it up : what is the point of trying to limit my own emissions, and hope for a solution, when a lot of people don't care, when the phenomenon might not be reversible and when world population is still growing by more than\">En r\u00e9sum\u00e9: \u00e0 quoi bon essayer de limiter mes propres \u00e9missions et esp\u00e9rer une solution, alors que beaucoup de gens s&rsquo;en moquent, que le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne pourrait ne pas \u00eatre r\u00e9versible et alors que la population mondiale continue de cro\u00eetre de plus de <\/span><span title=\"80 million people a year ? \">80 millions de personnes par an, et donc d&rsquo;autant d&rsquo;\u00e9mission en CO\u00b2 ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"That is the point where we can seriously think : \">C&rsquo;est l\u00e0 que je pourrais naturellement penser, et vous aussi :<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"&quot;OK. This is bad. There is no way out of this&quot;.\">\u00ab\u00a0OK. On ne s&rsquo;en sortira pas\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"But I keep hope don't worry ! \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Mais je garde espoir !<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"First, I keep in mind that global warming, while undoubtedly scary, is the consequence of an economic development that has been incredibly positive and continues to be. \">Tout d&rsquo;abord, parce que je garde \u00e0 l\u2019esprit que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, aussi grave que soit la menace qu&rsquo;il repr\u00e9sente, reste la cons\u00e9quence d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique incroyablement positif pour l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Since the beginning of the 20th century, when we started to burn more and more carbon fuel, mankind's overall condition has drastically improved. \">Depuis le d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, date \u00e0 laquelle nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 br\u00fbler massivement des carburants fossiles,<strong> la situation de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 s\u2019est consid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9lior\u00e9.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"For instance, misery has widely regressed, with the share of mankind living in poverty (less than $2 a day) plummeting from 80% to under 20% today.\">En premier lieu, la mis\u00e8re a largement r\u00e9gress\u00e9, la proportion de personnes vivant dans la pauvret\u00e9 (moins de 2 dollars par jour) \u00e9tant tomb\u00e9e de 80% \u00e0 moins de 20% aujourd&rsquo;hui. <\/span><span title=\"The share of world population which is &quot;undernourished&quot; fell to around 10% as it was above 20% in the early 90's and probably a lot higher at the start of the century.\">La part de la population mondiale \u00ab\u00a0sous-aliment\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 10% (malgr\u00e9 une hausse ces deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es) alors qu&rsquo;elle \u00e9tait sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 20% au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 90 et probablement encore plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle. <\/span><span title=\"Illiteracy in the world fell from around 80% in 1900 to 15% today.\">L&rsquo;analphab\u00e9tisme dans le monde est \u00e9galement pass\u00e9 d&rsquo;environ 80% en 1900 \u00e0 moins de 20% aujourd&rsquo;hui. <\/span><span title=\"Finally, life expectancy at birth rose from around 50 years in 1960 to more than 70 years today.\">Enfin, l&rsquo;esp\u00e9rance de vie \u00e0 la naissance est pass\u00e9e d&rsquo;environ 50 ans en 1960 \u00e0 plus de 70 ans aujourd&rsquo;hui. <\/span><span title=\"Not bad... \">Pas si mal&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span title=\"Don't we forget that.\">Ne l&rsquo;oublions pas. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"The life of a huge part of mankind has massively improved.\"><strong>La vie d&rsquo;une grande partie de l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 est devenue bien plus supportable<\/strong>, e<\/span><span title=\"And global warming is sadly the steep price to pay for it.\">t le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est probablement le prix \u00e0 payer pour cela.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"That does not mean that we should not address it, of course not, but we should remember that we can still can be proud of what mankind accomplished.\">Attention ! Ceci ne signifie pas que nous ne devons pas nous en pr\u00e9occuper, bien s\u00fbr que non, mais nous devons rester respectueux de ce que l\u2019humanit\u00e9 a accompli. <strong>En clair <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"My point is : there is no shame in what happened. \">: il n&rsquo;y a pas \u00e0 avoir honte de ce qui s&rsquo;est pass\u00e9, et l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9, \u00e0 ce jour, continue de profiter de cette croissance \u00e9conomique. Tant mieux.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Second reason to keep hope: global warming is &quot;relatively&quot; slow.\">Deuxi\u00e8me raison de garder espoir: le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est \u00ab\u00a0relativement\u00a0\u00bb lent. <\/span><span title=\"Well it is blazing fast if we compare it to the planet's life span, but only reasonably fast at our little human level.\">C&rsquo;est exag\u00e9r\u00e9 bien s\u00fbr: il est extr\u00eamement rapide, brutal, si nous le comparons \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e de vie de la plan\u00e8te, mais seulement mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment rapide si nous le comparons \u00e0 notre esp\u00e9rance de vie. <\/span><strong><span title=\"We must react strongly, we will talk about how, but we do not need to panic.\">Nous devons r\u00e9agir fortement, mais nous ne devons pas paniquer. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"The example of the potential rise of sea level is meaningful in that matter.\">L&rsquo;exemple de l&rsquo;augmentation potentielle du niveau de la mer est significatif \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. <\/span><span title=\"The GIEC worst case scenario now predicts an average rise of about 1 meter by 2100. While this is not little, and might have dramatic effects both on costal erosion and floodings, we still have some time to prepare for it if we start right now.\">Le pire sc\u00e9nario du GIEC pr\u00e9voit maintenant une augmentation moyenne des oc\u00e9ans d\u2019environ 1 m\u00e8tre d\u2019ici 2100. Bien que ce ne soit pas petit, et que ceci pourrait avoir des effets dramatiques tant par l\u2019\u00e9rosion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re que par des inondations massives, nous avons encore du temps pour nous pr\u00e9parer, si nous nous y mettons tout de suite. <strong>Tr\u00e8s <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"Serious, not desperate. \">s\u00e9rieux, mais non d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"And we can especially keep hope in our ability to adapt to it because I have faith in human creativity and research.\">Nous pouvons \u00e9galement garder espoir dans notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 nous adapter si nous gardons confiance dans la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et la recherche. <\/span><span title=\"In all fields related to global warming, people are crafting and developing.\"><strong>Dans tous les domaines li\u00e9s au r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te, des gens inventent, cr\u00e9ent et d\u00e9veloppent en ce moment m\u00eame<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"They are creating cleaner ways to produce energy, more fuel-efficient or carbon-free engines, meat substitutes, numerous construction improvements, manufacturing processes which capture CO\u00b2 instead of emitting it... Smart people are right now reacting to the problem and crafting solutions\">Ils cr\u00e9ent des moyens plus propres de produire de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, des moteurs plus \u00e9conomes en carburant ou sans carbone, des substituts de viande, de nombreuses am\u00e9liorations de la construction&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, I think we must admit that it might be possible for global warming to have also non-negative effects, even positive one.\">Enfin, je pense que nous devons admettre que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique pourrait aussi avoir quelques effets positifs. <\/span><span title=\"The thing is, I only hear about global warming as a disaster, with journalists focusing on the catastrophic effects of it.\">Le fait est que je n\u2019entends parler du r\u00e9chauffement climatique que comme une catastrophe, les journalistes se concentrant exclusivement sur les effets n\u00e9gatifs de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. <strong>Il y a \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d&rsquo;effet n\u00e9gatifs potentiels, j&rsquo;en conviens, m<\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"But is there really only downside to it ?\">ais n&rsquo;y a-t-il vraiment aucun effet positif ? <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"I think not and we should be honest about it. \">Je ne pense pas et nous devrions les \u00e9tudier.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Think about it this way : \">Pensez-y de cette fa\u00e7on :<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Would the world had been 3\u00b0C degrees hotter for centuries, and mankind had get used to it, and then it started to cool down quickly, do you think that all journalists would cheers in happiness ?\">Eut le monde \u00e9t\u00e9 plus chaud de 3 \u00b0 C pendant des si\u00e8cles, et ensuite, eut il commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 refroidir rapidement, pensez-vous que tous les journalistes auraient acclam\u00e9s ce changement dans la joie? <\/span><span title=\"No of course, they would flood you with disastrous forecasts of famines due to lower food production, increased number of deaths during winters... well pretty much the same. \">Bien s\u00fbr que non, ils nous inonderaient de pr\u00e9visions d\u00e9sastreuses (et probablement justes) de famine en raison de la baisse de la production alimentaire, d&rsquo;augmentations brutales du nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s pendant les hivers glacials \u00e0 venir, de glaciation extr\u00eame de certaines r\u00e9gions et de certains courts d&rsquo;eau, de baisse du niveau de la mer et de la disparition de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces&#8230;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"I do not mean that we should not care, we really really should.\">Je ne veux pas dire que nous ne devrions pas nous soucier du changement climatique, nous le devrions vraiment. <\/span><span title=\"But I do think that only focusing on the negative effects of global warming is a very conservative, even reactionary ( &quot;ahh those good old days when the atmosphere was cooler...&quot; ) way to react to it.\">Mais je pense que se concentrer uniquement sur les effets n\u00e9gatifs est une fa\u00e7on n\u00e9gative, conservatrice, voire r\u00e9actionnaire (\u00ab\u00a0ahhhhh ce bon vieux temps o\u00f9 l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re \u00e9tait plus fra\u00eeche&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb) de r\u00e9agir \u00e0 cette \u00e9preuve. <strong>Nous devons rester rationnels et nous demander si nous avons peur des effets du changement <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"It is a fear of change and not a fear of the effects of change.\">ou simplement du changement tout court.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"So what can we do about it? \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Alors, au final, que pouvons-nous faire ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong><span title=\"First, and foremost, we should stop panicking about it.\">Tout d&rsquo;abord, nous devrions cesser de paniquer. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"This is real, no doubt.\">C&rsquo;est un probl\u00e8me tr\u00e8s grave, il n&rsquo;y a plus aucun doute l\u00e0 dessus. Les changements que le r\u00e9chauffement va induire sur notre plan\u00e8te <\/span><span title=\"It will affect the life of millions of people, no doubt.\">affecteront la vie de millions de personnes. <\/span><span title=\"We must be constantly aware of it and continue our efforts to understand and control it.\">Nous devons en \u00eatre conscients et poursuivre nos efforts pour comprendre et maitriser ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. <\/span><span title=\"But we should stop listening to end-of-the-world preachers and stay rational.\">Mais nous devrions aussi cesser d&rsquo;\u00e9couter les pr\u00e9dicateurs de l&rsquo;apocalypse et rester rationnels. Garder notre sang froid. <\/span><span title=\"No problem has been solved by whining about it.\">Aucun probl\u00e8me n&rsquo;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solu en pleurant et tapant du pied. Quand je vois des manifestants d\u00e9filer en France \u00ab\u00a0contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique\u00a0\u00bb, je n&rsquo;arrive pas trop \u00e0 comprendre l\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils veulent en venir.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Scientists are to be listened an the subject and serious solutions are only going to be found if we accept the fact that this is happening, that we are probably never going back to the &quot;good old days&quot;, and if we stay positive and constructive about\">Les scientifiques doivent \u00eatre \u00e9cout\u00e9s car des solutions s\u00e9rieuses ne seront trouv\u00e9es que si nous acceptons le fait que nous ne retournerons probablement jamais au \u00ab\u00a0bon vieux temps\u00a0\u00bb de l&rsquo;\u00e8re pr\u00e9industrielle, et que nous restons positifs, rationnels et constructifs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"The real question is not &quot;How can we stop this, this is too scary ?&quot;\">La vraie question n&rsquo;est pas \u00ab\u00a0Comment pouvons-nous arr\u00eater le r\u00e9chauffement, c&rsquo;est trop effrayant !\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><span title=\"but &quot;How best can we limit it and deal with it now that we probably cannot roll it back, at least entirely ?&quot; \">mais plut\u00f4t :<strong> \u00ab\u00a0Comment pouvons-nous le limiter et en maitriser les effets sachant que nous ne pourrons probablement pas l&rsquo;\u00e9viter totalement?\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"With this in mind, we can continue to negotiate an agreement on a rational strategy to restrain the warming or at least to contain it to a predictable level, the negative effects of which could be addressed and the potential positive ones used to our profit. \">Dans cette optique, nous devons bien s\u00fbr continuer \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier un accord sur une strat\u00e9gie visant \u00e0 limiter le <span title=\"With this in mind, we can continue to negotiate an agreement on a rational strategy to restrain the warming or at least to contain it to a predictable level, the negative effects of which could be addressed and the potential positive ones used to our profit. \">r\u00e9chauffement <\/span>\u00e0 un niveau pr\u00e9visible, dont les effets n\u00e9gatifs pourraient \u00eatre trait\u00e9s et les effets positifs utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 notre profit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Those negotiations should not only focus on emission reductions per capita, but also on population growth.\"><strong>Ces n\u00e9gociations ne devraient pas seulement porter sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions par habitant, mais \u00e9galement sur la croissance d\u00e9mographique<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"For full disclosure, my wife and I are expecting our 4th children, so I must recognize that I am clearly faulty on this.\">Pour \u00eatre parfaitement honn\u00eate, ma femme et moi attendons notre 4\u00e8me enfant, et je dois donc admettre ma faute \u00e0 ce sujet. <\/span><span title=\"My home state, France, is indeed helping me a lot in this endeavor, financially and morally.\">Mon pays d&rsquo;origine, la France, nous aide beaucoup dans ce projet, financi\u00e8rement et moralement. <\/span><span title=\"States naturally promote population growth because it ultimately means more power through economic weight, cultural expansion or even military might.\">Les \u00e9tats, dont le notre, favorisent la croissance d\u00e9mographique, synonyme g\u00e9opolitique de puissance gr\u00e2ce au poids \u00e9conomique, \u00e0 l&rsquo;expansion culturelle ou m\u00eame \u00e0 la puissance militaire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"But our planet is starting to show clear signs of overpopulation, and global warming is one of them, so agreeing on this is pretty important indeed. \">Mais <strong>notre plan\u00e8te commence \u00e0 montrer des signes \u00e9vidents et massifs de surpopulation<\/strong>, et le r\u00e9chauffement climatique en est un (les d\u00e9chets et l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement des ressources en sont d&rsquo;autres). Il est donc tr\u00e8s important de s\u2019entendre aussi sur ce sujet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"To oversimplify it for the sake of explaining myself, developed countries like the US, were demographic transition is done but emissions par capita are very high, could agree to improve their emissions efficiency, in exchange from developing countries with high population growth but in dire need\">A titre d&rsquo;exemple, et pour simplifier \u00e0 l&rsquo;extr\u00eame, des pays comme les \u00c9tats-Unis, o\u00f9 la transition d\u00e9mographique est finie mais les \u00e9missions par habitant sont tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9es, pourraient convenir de r\u00e9duire ce ratio en \u00e9change pour les pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 forte croissance de la population <\/span><span title=\"for economic growth to accelerate their demographic transition, while committing to softer emissions per capita reductions. \">d&rsquo;un engagement \u00e0 poursuivre activement leur transition d\u00e9mographique. Ceci avec des objectifs plus modestes de limitation des \u00e9missions par habitant.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"We should also of course continue to support research on any subject related to this, with a clear focus on non-carbon related energy sources, and a complete open mindedness about it.\">Bien entendu, nous devrions \u00e9galement continuer de soutenir la recherche.\u00a0 Ceci sur tous les sujets li\u00e9s au r\u00e9chauffement climatique, <strong>en mettant clairement l\u2019accent sur les sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie non fossiles, et avec une ouverture d&rsquo;esprit totale \u00e0 ce sujet.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> <span title=\"When I talk about open-mindedness I talk about renewable sources that are not profitable enough now, or nuclear fusion that is not working right now and might never be.\">Quand je parle d&rsquo;ouverture d&rsquo;esprit, je parle de sources renouvelables qui ne sont pas assez rentables aujourd&rsquo;hui ou de projets de fusion nucl\u00e9aire qui ne fonctionne pas et pourraient ne jamais fonctionner. Je parle d&rsquo;accepter de financer des projets de recherche qui n&rsquo;aboutiront peut-\u00eatre jamais. Je parle de ne pas refuser le nucl\u00e9aire traditionnel sans avoir de solution de remplacement en dehors du charbon, je parle d&rsquo;accepter qu&rsquo;on puisse installer des \u00e9oliennes sur le champs en face de vous. Pas si facile&#8230;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Non-carbon power production is with population moderation one of the two pillars a serious global warming strategy will be built upon.\"><strong>Avec la mod\u00e9ration d\u00e9mographique, la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 non carbon\u00e9e est en effet l\u2019un des deux piliers d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie s\u00e9rieuse de lutte contre le r\u00e9chauffement.<\/strong> <\/span><span title=\"We must stop being political about it and start being progressive.\">Nous devons cesser d&rsquo;\u00eatre politique \u00e0 ce sujet. <\/span><span title=\"And yes this means giving money trough taxes or investments that we might never get back. \">Et oui, vous l&rsquo;avez bien compris, cela signifie aussi d&rsquo;y consacrer votre argent par le biais de taxes ou d&rsquo;investissements que vous pourriez ne jamais r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, and this is really difficult, we must start to talk seriously about the &quot;what if ?&quot;\">Enfin, nous devons commencer \u00e0 parler s\u00e9rieusement du \u00ab\u00a0et si?\u00a0\u00bb. <\/span><span title=\"We must start preparing for the harsh consequences, as for the potential opportunities.\">Nous devons commencer \u00e0 nous pr\u00e9parer aux cons\u00e9quences probables, comme aux opportunit\u00e9s potentielles. <\/span><span title=\"In short we must prepare to adapt, because, want it or not, global warming is happening, and we will probably not be able to avoid all of its the consequences.\">En bref, <strong>nous devons nous pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 nous adapter, que nous le voulions ou non.<\/strong> Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique se produit et nous ne pourrons probablement pas en \u00e9viter toutes les cons\u00e9quences. <\/span><span title=\"This absolutely does not mean that we should quit on containing it, but we have to be realistic, and this means stop focusing only on emission reductions, but also working hard on adaptation solutions. \">Ceci ne signifie absolument pas que nous devrions cesser de le combattre, mais nous devons \u00eatre r\u00e9alistes, ce qui signifie cesser de nous concentrer uniquement sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions, <strong>mais aussi travailler dur sur des solutions d\u2019adaptation.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Among many other things : costal cities should continue to monitor costal erosion\/flooding and starting financing a plan to adapt to it, countries should plan for higher natural disaster relief funding and administration, larger wildfire fighting force.\">Entre autres choses, les villes c\u00f4ti\u00e8res doivent continuer de financer et d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cuter un plan d&rsquo;adaptation aux probables inondations et \u00e9rosions \u00e0 venir. Les \u00e9tats devraient pr\u00e9voir imm\u00e9diatement le financement s\u00e9rieux et continu d&rsquo;un fonds de r\u00e9serve et de pr\u00e9paration aux catastrophes naturelles, probablement plus fr\u00e9quentes \u00e0 l&rsquo;avenir. Ils devraient mettre en place des incitations \u00e9conomiques aux d\u00e9placement progressif des populations vivants dans des zones \u00e0 risque. <\/span><span title=\"Water supply is a major concern and expanding it should be a top priority right now.\">L&rsquo;approvisionnement en eau est une pr\u00e9occupation majeure face au r\u00e9chauffement et son expansion devrait \u00eatre une priorit\u00e9 absolue. <\/span><span title=\"Agriculture should prepare for the shift in relative yields that will probably happen... \">L&rsquo;agriculture devrait se pr\u00e9parer au changement des rendements relatifs \u00e0 venir&#8230; etc&#8230;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"As you can read, all of this is about preparation, which means financing, which means money that we must distract from our everyday well-being.\">Comme vous pouvez le lire, <strong>quand on parle adaptation on parle imm\u00e9diatement financement.<\/strong> Ce qui signifie en clair d\u00e9tourner des sommes importantes de notre bien-\u00eatre quotidien pour l&rsquo;investir dans le climat. <\/span><span title=\"So yes, I do believe that we are able to react to it, by containing it and adapting to its consequence, but there is no way out of this hard truth : one way or the other it will cost us.\">Donc, oui, je crois que nous pouvons r\u00e9agir positivement au r\u00e9chauffement climatique, en le limitant ET en nous adaptant \u00e0 ses cons\u00e9quences, mais il n\u2019y a aucun moyen d&rsquo;\u00e9viter de cette v\u00e9rit\u00e9:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"So yes, I do believe that we are able to react to it, by containing it and adapting to its consequence, but there is no way out of this hard truth : one way or the other it will cost us.\"><strong>D\u2019une mani\u00e8re ou d\u2019une autre, cela nous co\u00fbtera. Mais nous pouvons et allons trouver une solution.<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false,"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/global-warming-what-can-we-really-do-about-it\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Read this post in english<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est bien l\u00e0, et l'espoir est d\u00e9sormais mince d'\u00e9viter tous ses effets. Peut-\u00eatre est il temps de s'y pr\u00e9parer.\r\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-640\" src=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Image14-large-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"377\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"In my last, and more obscure, post about data-mining bias ( that you should of course read, see here ) I illustrated my argument with the example of extreme weather news reports.\">Dans mon dernier article, un peu obscur, consacr\u00e9 au \"biais de data-mining\" (que vous devriez bien s\u00fbr lire malgr\u00e9 son titre, <a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/prenez-garde-au-biais-qui-vous-guette\">voir ici\u00a0<\/a>), j'ai illustr\u00e9 mon argumentation en donnant comme exemple la mani\u00e8re erron\u00e9e dont les journalistes relatent constamment les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames. <\/span><span title=\"To sum it up, my point was that while the increasing regularity of extreme heat\/frost waves is probably a consequence of global warming, one separate occurrence was absolutely not sufficient to prove anything about it. \">Pour r\u00e9sumer, j'expliquais que si la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 croissante des vagues de chaleur et de gel extr\u00eames est probablement une cons\u00e9quence du r\u00e9chauffement climatique, une unique occurrence de ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes n'est absolument pas suffisante pour prouver quoi que ce soit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"In the meantime however, summer passed in the north hemisphere, and it was hot.\">Entre-temps, <strong>l'\u00e9t\u00e9 est pass\u00e9 sur l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord et il a fait chaud. Sacr\u00e9ment <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"Damn hot all around.\">chaud ! <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"And while still not proving anything &quot;by itself&quot;, it did make me think about global warming.\">Et m\u00eame si ce nouvel \u00e9pisode ne prouve toujours rien <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00e0 lui tout seul<\/span>, cela m'a quand m\u00eame fait r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir au r\u00e9chauffement climatique. <\/span><span title=\"And I am sure you did too. \">Et je suis s\u00fbr que c'est aussi votre cas.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<!--more-->\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Global warming is here.\">Car le r\u00e9chauffement est bien l\u00e0. Plus <\/span><span title=\"No doubt.\">aucun doute. <\/span><span title=\"What was once upon a time a scientific theory became a few decades ago a scientific and political issue.\">Ce qui \u00e9tait autrefois une simple th\u00e9orie scientifique est devenu il y a quelques d\u00e9cennies une question politique de premier plan. <\/span><span title=\"Now it is starting to turn into a scary and material reality for everyone.\">D\u00e9sormais, celui-ci est devenu une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 effrayante et mat\u00e9rielle pour nous tous. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Therefore we are an ever growing number of good-willing people eager to react to it.\">Face \u00e0 cela, nous sommes un nombre croissant de personnes de bonne volont\u00e9 d\u00e9sireuses de r\u00e9agir. <\/span><strong><span title=\"I, among many other, believe that global warming is happening.\">Je pense, comme beaucoup d'autres, que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"I, among many other, am very much convinced that its main origin is human activity.\"><strong>Je suis, comme beaucoup d'autres, convaincu que son origine principale est humaine<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"Finally, I, among many other, am most willing to do something about it. \">Enfin je souhaite, comme beaucoup d'autres, r\u00e9agir.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"But here is the problem. \">Mais voil\u00e0 le probl\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"What can I do?\">Que puis-je y faire? <\/span><span title=\"I really really want to do something but I feel overwhelmed by it, so what can I really do ?\">Je veux r\u00e9agir et agir mais, seul, je me sens d\u00e9pass\u00e9. Alors que puis-je vraiment y faire?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Because I feel insignificant, helpless in the fight. \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Car que je me sens insignifiant, impuissant dans cette lutte.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Global warming has now been predicted and observed for more than 100 years, and no political consensus strong enough to restrain it have been found.\">Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est maintenant pr\u00e9dit et observ\u00e9 depuis plus de 100 ans et <strong>aucun consensus politique assez fort pour le contenir n'a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"The very honorable, albeit modest, agreement of COP21 was blown to pieces by Donald Trump and its supporters.\">L'accord, tr\u00e8s honorable quoique modeste, de la COP21 a \u00e9t\u00e9 balay\u00e9 d'un revers de main par Donald Trump et ses partisans. <\/span><span title=\"It might be back, I sure hope so, but for now there is no other deal in sight. \">J'esp\u00e8re bien s\u00fbr que celui-ci renaitra de ses cendres, mais pour l'instant il n'y a pas d'autre accord en vue.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Even if we could, finally, and I would actively vote for the people sponsoring it, agree on global emission reductions that countries are willing to uphold, it probably would not allow us to stop the warming, but merely to slow it down, not even\">M\u00eame si nous r\u00e9ussissions enfin \u00e0 sceller un accord global, contraignant et respect\u00e9, de r\u00e9ductions des \u00e9missions, <strong>cela ne nous permettrait probablement pas d\u2019arr\u00eater le r\u00e9chauffement, mais simplement de le ralentir<\/strong>. Et je ne parle m\u00eame pas d'un possible retour<\/span><span title=\"speaking of reducing it back to &quot;normal&quot;. \"> \u00e0 la \"normale\" pr\u00e9industrielle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"And on top of this, more heat also means, among many other vicious side effects, more wildfires (which do release significant amount of CO\u00b2) and higher need for AC which means higher power production, and thus CO\u00b2 emission in countries where the energy mix\">En plus de cela, plus de chaleur signifie, parmi de nombreux autres effets pervers, plus de feux de for\u00eat (qui lib\u00e8rent une quantit\u00e9 importante de CO\u00b2) et un besoin accru en air conditionn\u00e9, ce qui signifie une production d'\u00e9nergie plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e et des \u00e9missions suppl\u00e9mentaires de CO\u00b2 tant que le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique reste tr\u00e8s carbon\u00e9<\/span><span title=\"is highly carbonated.\">. <\/span><span title=\"So global warming might actually be self-sustaining.\">Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique peut donc m\u00eame donner l'impression de pouvoir s'auto-alimenter. <\/span><span title=\"Depressing. \">D\u00e9primant.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Moreover, when I think about what is blocking the way for a deal, I realize that I am biased in the matter.\">Quand, face \u00e0 cela, je r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis \u00e0 ce qui bloque la voie vers un tel accord, je r\u00e9alise que je suis en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s partial en la mati\u00e8re. Car j<\/span><span title=\"I am rich : I have food, water, medical care and a roof upon my head.\">e suis riche ! J'ai de la nourriture, de l'eau, un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des soins m\u00e9dicaux de qualit\u00e9 et un toit sur la t\u00eate. <\/span><span title=\"And I admit that until everyone has the same, there will probably be no consensus.\">Et je me demande bien si nous pourrons trouver un consensus tant que tout le monde n\u2019aura pas la m\u00eame chance<\/span><span title=\"Not going to happen soon, no.\">. <\/span><span title=\"People that don't have proper water or food don't really care about global warming, they have more dire concerns, and I think this is perfectly understandable. \"><strong>Les personnes qui n'ont pas assez d'eau ou de nourriture ne se soucient pas vraiment du r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te, ils ont des pr\u00e9occupations plus imm\u00e9diates<\/strong>, et je pense que c'est parfaitement compr\u00e9hensible.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"We are telling them : &quot;Careful because we are leaving our children a world that will be so much harder to live in !&quot; \">Nous leur disons: \"Attention, nous laissons \u00e0 nos enfants un monde o\u00f9 il ne ferra pas bon vivre dans 100 ans!\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"They are answering : &quot;OK but my children might not have enough money to buy food, so I will take care of that first right ?&quot;. \">Ils nous r\u00e9pondent: \"OK, mais mes enfants n'auront peut-\u00eatre pas assez d'argent pour acheter de la nourriture dans six mois, alors je vais m'occuper de cela d'abord, d'accord ?\".\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, when I look at figures, I can sincerely doubt my modest participation to be more than cosmetic.\">Enfin, quand je regarde les chiffres, <strong>je doute sinc\u00e8rement que ma modeste participation soit plus que cosm\u00e9tique<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"Buying fuel efficient cars, riding bikes, using mass transportation, limiting AC during summer or heating during winter, consuming less and locally produced goods... whatever I was told to be useful, seems a bit futile when you realize that every Chinese that is\">Acheter des voitures \u00e9conomes en carburant, faire du v\u00e9lo, utiliser les transports en commun, limiter la climatisation en \u00e9t\u00e9 ou le chauffage en hiver, isoler mon appartement, consommer moins de biens et produire localement...<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Buying fuel efficient cars, riding bikes, using mass transportation, limiting AC during summer or heating during winter, consuming less and locally produced goods... whatever I was told to be useful, seems a bit futile when you realize that every Chinese that is\"><strong>Tout ce qui m\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme utile me semble un peu futile<\/strong> quand je vois qu'un enfant chinois <\/span><span title=\"born today will &quot;emit&quot; around 8 tons a year, and every newborn American will &quot;emit&quot; around 16 tons a year of CO\u00b2, while my reasonable effort might, I guess, only save 1 or 2 tons a year max from the approximate 5\">n\u00e9 aujourd'hui va \"\u00e9mettre\" environ 8 tonnes de CO\u00b2 par an, et que chaque nouveau-n\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain \"\u00e9mettra\" environ 16 tonnes de CO\u00b2 par an, alors que mon petit effort ne permet, je suppose, d'\u00e9conomiser que 1 ou 2 tonnes par an au maximum sur les 5 \u00e0 <\/span><span title=\"-6 tons a year I emit as a French. \">6 tonnes par an que j'\u00e9mets en moyenne en tant que fran\u00e7ais.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"To sum it up : what is the point of trying to limit my own emissions, and hope for a solution, when a lot of people don't care, when the phenomenon might not be reversible and when world population is still growing by more than\">En r\u00e9sum\u00e9: \u00e0 quoi bon essayer de limiter mes propres \u00e9missions et esp\u00e9rer une solution, alors que beaucoup de gens s'en moquent, que le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne pourrait ne pas \u00eatre r\u00e9versible et alors que la population mondiale continue de cro\u00eetre de plus de <\/span><span title=\"80 million people a year ? \">80 millions de personnes par an, et donc d'autant d'\u00e9mission en CO\u00b2 ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"That is the point where we can seriously think : \">C'est l\u00e0 que je pourrais naturellement penser, et vous aussi :\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"&quot;OK. This is bad. There is no way out of this&quot;.\">\"OK. On ne s'en sortira pas\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"But I keep hope don't worry ! \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Mais je garde espoir !<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"First, I keep in mind that global warming, while undoubtedly scary, is the consequence of an economic development that has been incredibly positive and continues to be. \">Tout d'abord, parce que je garde \u00e0 l\u2019esprit que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, aussi grave que soit la menace qu'il repr\u00e9sente, reste la cons\u00e9quence d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique incroyablement positif pour l'humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Since the beginning of the 20th century, when we started to burn more and more carbon fuel, mankind's overall condition has drastically improved. \">Depuis le d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, date \u00e0 laquelle nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 br\u00fbler massivement des carburants fossiles,<strong> la situation de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 s\u2019est consid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9lior\u00e9.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"For instance, misery has widely regressed, with the share of mankind living in poverty (less than $2 a day) plummeting from 80% to under 20% today.\">En premier lieu, la mis\u00e8re a largement r\u00e9gress\u00e9, la proportion de personnes vivant dans la pauvret\u00e9 (moins de 2 dollars par jour) \u00e9tant tomb\u00e9e de 80% \u00e0 moins de 20% aujourd'hui. <\/span><span title=\"The share of world population which is &quot;undernourished&quot; fell to around 10% as it was above 20% in the early 90's and probably a lot higher at the start of the century.\">La part de la population mondiale \"sous-aliment\u00e9e\" est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 10% (malgr\u00e9 une hausse ces deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es) alors qu'elle \u00e9tait sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 20% au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 90 et probablement encore plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle. <\/span><span title=\"Illiteracy in the world fell from around 80% in 1900 to 15% today.\">L'analphab\u00e9tisme dans le monde est \u00e9galement pass\u00e9 d'environ 80% en 1900 \u00e0 moins de 20% aujourd'hui. <\/span><span title=\"Finally, life expectancy at birth rose from around 50 years in 1960 to more than 70 years today.\">Enfin, l'esp\u00e9rance de vie \u00e0 la naissance est pass\u00e9e d'environ 50 ans en 1960 \u00e0 plus de 70 ans aujourd'hui. <\/span><span title=\"Not bad... \">Pas si mal...<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span title=\"Don't we forget that.\">Ne l'oublions pas. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"The life of a huge part of mankind has massively improved.\"><strong>La vie d'une grande partie de l'humanit\u00e9 est devenue bien plus supportable<\/strong>, e<\/span><span title=\"And global warming is sadly the steep price to pay for it.\">t le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est probablement le prix \u00e0 payer pour cela.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"That does not mean that we should not address it, of course not, but we should remember that we can still can be proud of what mankind accomplished.\">Attention ! Ceci ne signifie pas que nous ne devons pas nous en pr\u00e9occuper, bien s\u00fbr que non, mais nous devons rester respectueux de ce que l\u2019humanit\u00e9 a accompli. <strong>En clair <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"My point is : there is no shame in what happened. \">: il n'y a pas \u00e0 avoir honte de ce qui s'est pass\u00e9, et l'humanit\u00e9, \u00e0 ce jour, continue de profiter de cette croissance \u00e9conomique. Tant mieux.\r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Second reason to keep hope: global warming is &quot;relatively&quot; slow.\">Deuxi\u00e8me raison de garder espoir: le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est \"relativement\" lent. <\/span><span title=\"Well it is blazing fast if we compare it to the planet's life span, but only reasonably fast at our little human level.\">C'est exag\u00e9r\u00e9 bien s\u00fbr: il est extr\u00eamement rapide, brutal, si nous le comparons \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e de vie de la plan\u00e8te, mais seulement mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment rapide si nous le comparons \u00e0 notre esp\u00e9rance de vie. <\/span><strong><span title=\"We must react strongly, we will talk about how, but we do not need to panic.\">Nous devons r\u00e9agir fortement, mais nous ne devons pas paniquer. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"The example of the potential rise of sea level is meaningful in that matter.\">L'exemple de l'augmentation potentielle du niveau de la mer est significatif \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. <\/span><span title=\"The GIEC worst case scenario now predicts an average rise of about 1 meter by 2100. While this is not little, and might have dramatic effects both on costal erosion and floodings, we still have some time to prepare for it if we start right now.\">Le pire sc\u00e9nario du GIEC pr\u00e9voit maintenant une augmentation moyenne des oc\u00e9ans d\u2019environ 1 m\u00e8tre d\u2019ici 2100. Bien que ce ne soit pas petit, et que ceci pourrait avoir des effets dramatiques tant par l\u2019\u00e9rosion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re que par des inondations massives, nous avons encore du temps pour nous pr\u00e9parer, si nous nous y mettons tout de suite. <strong>Tr\u00e8s <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"Serious, not desperate. \">s\u00e9rieux, mais non d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"And we can especially keep hope in our ability to adapt to it because I have faith in human creativity and research.\">Nous pouvons \u00e9galement garder espoir dans notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 nous adapter si nous gardons confiance dans la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et la recherche. <\/span><span title=\"In all fields related to global warming, people are crafting and developing.\"><strong>Dans tous les domaines li\u00e9s au r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te, des gens inventent, cr\u00e9ent et d\u00e9veloppent en ce moment m\u00eame<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"They are creating cleaner ways to produce energy, more fuel-efficient or carbon-free engines, meat substitutes, numerous construction improvements, manufacturing processes which capture CO\u00b2 instead of emitting it... Smart people are right now reacting to the problem and crafting solutions\">Ils cr\u00e9ent des moyens plus propres de produire de l'\u00e9nergie, des moteurs plus \u00e9conomes en carburant ou sans carbone, des substituts de viande, de nombreuses am\u00e9liorations de la construction...<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, I think we must admit that it might be possible for global warming to have also non-negative effects, even positive one.\">Enfin, je pense que nous devons admettre que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique pourrait aussi avoir quelques effets positifs. <\/span><span title=\"The thing is, I only hear about global warming as a disaster, with journalists focusing on the catastrophic effects of it.\">Le fait est que je n\u2019entends parler du r\u00e9chauffement climatique que comme une catastrophe, les journalistes se concentrant exclusivement sur les effets n\u00e9gatifs de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. <strong>Il y a \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d'effet n\u00e9gatifs potentiels, j'en conviens, m<\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"But is there really only downside to it ?\">ais n'y a-t-il vraiment aucun effet positif ? <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"I think not and we should be honest about it. \">Je ne pense pas et nous devrions les \u00e9tudier.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Think about it this way : \">Pensez-y de cette fa\u00e7on :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Would the world had been 3\u00b0C degrees hotter for centuries, and mankind had get used to it, and then it started to cool down quickly, do you think that all journalists would cheers in happiness ?\">Eut le monde \u00e9t\u00e9 plus chaud de 3 \u00b0 C pendant des si\u00e8cles, et ensuite, eut il commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 refroidir rapidement, pensez-vous que tous les journalistes auraient acclam\u00e9s ce changement dans la joie? <\/span><span title=\"No of course, they would flood you with disastrous forecasts of famines due to lower food production, increased number of deaths during winters... well pretty much the same. \">Bien s\u00fbr que non, ils nous inonderaient de pr\u00e9visions d\u00e9sastreuses (et probablement justes) de famine en raison de la baisse de la production alimentaire, d'augmentations brutales du nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s pendant les hivers glacials \u00e0 venir, de glaciation extr\u00eame de certaines r\u00e9gions et de certains courts d'eau, de baisse du niveau de la mer et de la disparition de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces...\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"I do not mean that we should not care, we really really should.\">Je ne veux pas dire que nous ne devrions pas nous soucier du changement climatique, nous le devrions vraiment. <\/span><span title=\"But I do think that only focusing on the negative effects of global warming is a very conservative, even reactionary ( &quot;ahh those good old days when the atmosphere was cooler...&quot; ) way to react to it.\">Mais je pense que se concentrer uniquement sur les effets n\u00e9gatifs est une fa\u00e7on n\u00e9gative, conservatrice, voire r\u00e9actionnaire (\"ahhhhh ce bon vieux temps o\u00f9 l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re \u00e9tait plus fra\u00eeche...\") de r\u00e9agir \u00e0 cette \u00e9preuve. <strong>Nous devons rester rationnels et nous demander si nous avons peur des effets du changement <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"It is a fear of change and not a fear of the effects of change.\">ou simplement du changement tout court.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"So what can we do about it? \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Alors, au final, que pouvons-nous faire ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong><span title=\"First, and foremost, we should stop panicking about it.\">Tout d'abord, nous devrions cesser de paniquer. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"This is real, no doubt.\">C'est un probl\u00e8me tr\u00e8s grave, il n'y a plus aucun doute l\u00e0 dessus. Les changements que le r\u00e9chauffement va induire sur notre plan\u00e8te <\/span><span title=\"It will affect the life of millions of people, no doubt.\">affecteront la vie de millions de personnes. <\/span><span title=\"We must be constantly aware of it and continue our efforts to understand and control it.\">Nous devons en \u00eatre conscients et poursuivre nos efforts pour comprendre et maitriser ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. <\/span><span title=\"But we should stop listening to end-of-the-world preachers and stay rational.\">Mais nous devrions aussi cesser d'\u00e9couter les pr\u00e9dicateurs de l'apocalypse et rester rationnels. Garder notre sang froid. <\/span><span title=\"No problem has been solved by whining about it.\">Aucun probl\u00e8me n'a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solu en pleurant et tapant du pied. Quand je vois des manifestants d\u00e9filer en France \"contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique\", je n'arrive pas trop \u00e0 comprendre l\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils veulent en venir.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Scientists are to be listened an the subject and serious solutions are only going to be found if we accept the fact that this is happening, that we are probably never going back to the &quot;good old days&quot;, and if we stay positive and constructive about\">Les scientifiques doivent \u00eatre \u00e9cout\u00e9s car des solutions s\u00e9rieuses ne seront trouv\u00e9es que si nous acceptons le fait que nous ne retournerons probablement jamais au \"bon vieux temps\" de l'\u00e8re pr\u00e9industrielle, et que nous restons positifs, rationnels et constructifs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"The real question is not &quot;How can we stop this, this is too scary ?&quot;\">La vraie question n'est pas \"Comment pouvons-nous arr\u00eater le r\u00e9chauffement, c'est trop effrayant !\" <\/span><span title=\"but &quot;How best can we limit it and deal with it now that we probably cannot roll it back, at least entirely ?&quot; \">mais plut\u00f4t :<strong> \"Comment pouvons-nous le limiter et en maitriser les effets sachant que nous ne pourrons probablement pas l'\u00e9viter totalement?\"<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"With this in mind, we can continue to negotiate an agreement on a rational strategy to restrain the warming or at least to contain it to a predictable level, the negative effects of which could be addressed and the potential positive ones used to our profit. \">Dans cette optique, nous devons bien s\u00fbr continuer \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier un accord sur une strat\u00e9gie visant \u00e0 limiter le <span title=\"With this in mind, we can continue to negotiate an agreement on a rational strategy to restrain the warming or at least to contain it to a predictable level, the negative effects of which could be addressed and the potential positive ones used to our profit. \">r\u00e9chauffement <\/span>\u00e0 un niveau pr\u00e9visible, dont les effets n\u00e9gatifs pourraient \u00eatre trait\u00e9s et les effets positifs utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 notre profit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Those negotiations should not only focus on emission reductions per capita, but also on population growth.\"><strong>Ces n\u00e9gociations ne devraient pas seulement porter sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions par habitant, mais \u00e9galement sur la croissance d\u00e9mographique<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"For full disclosure, my wife and I are expecting our 4th children, so I must recognize that I am clearly faulty on this.\">Pour \u00eatre parfaitement honn\u00eate, ma femme et moi attendons notre 4\u00e8me enfant, et je dois donc admettre ma faute \u00e0 ce sujet. <\/span><span title=\"My home state, France, is indeed helping me a lot in this endeavor, financially and morally.\">Mon pays d'origine, la France, nous aide beaucoup dans ce projet, financi\u00e8rement et moralement. <\/span><span title=\"States naturally promote population growth because it ultimately means more power through economic weight, cultural expansion or even military might.\">Les \u00e9tats, dont le notre, favorisent la croissance d\u00e9mographique, synonyme g\u00e9opolitique de puissance gr\u00e2ce au poids \u00e9conomique, \u00e0 l'expansion culturelle ou m\u00eame \u00e0 la puissance militaire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"But our planet is starting to show clear signs of overpopulation, and global warming is one of them, so agreeing on this is pretty important indeed. \">Mais <strong>notre plan\u00e8te commence \u00e0 montrer des signes \u00e9vidents et massifs de surpopulation<\/strong>, et le r\u00e9chauffement climatique en est un (les d\u00e9chets et l'\u00e9puisement des ressources en sont d'autres). Il est donc tr\u00e8s important de s\u2019entendre aussi sur ce sujet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"To oversimplify it for the sake of explaining myself, developed countries like the US, were demographic transition is done but emissions par capita are very high, could agree to improve their emissions efficiency, in exchange from developing countries with high population growth but in dire need\">A titre d'exemple, et pour simplifier \u00e0 l'extr\u00eame, des pays comme les \u00c9tats-Unis, o\u00f9 la transition d\u00e9mographique est finie mais les \u00e9missions par habitant sont tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9es, pourraient convenir de r\u00e9duire ce ratio en \u00e9change pour les pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 forte croissance de la population <\/span><span title=\"for economic growth to accelerate their demographic transition, while committing to softer emissions per capita reductions. \">d'un engagement \u00e0 poursuivre activement leur transition d\u00e9mographique. Ceci avec des objectifs plus modestes de limitation des \u00e9missions par habitant.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"We should also of course continue to support research on any subject related to this, with a clear focus on non-carbon related energy sources, and a complete open mindedness about it.\">Bien entendu, nous devrions \u00e9galement continuer de soutenir la recherche.\u00a0 Ceci sur tous les sujets li\u00e9s au r\u00e9chauffement climatique, <strong>en mettant clairement l\u2019accent sur les sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie non fossiles, et avec une ouverture d'esprit totale \u00e0 ce sujet.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> <span title=\"When I talk about open-mindedness I talk about renewable sources that are not profitable enough now, or nuclear fusion that is not working right now and might never be.\">Quand je parle d'ouverture d'esprit, je parle de sources renouvelables qui ne sont pas assez rentables aujourd'hui ou de projets de fusion nucl\u00e9aire qui ne fonctionne pas et pourraient ne jamais fonctionner. Je parle d'accepter de financer des projets de recherche qui n'aboutiront peut-\u00eatre jamais. Je parle de ne pas refuser le nucl\u00e9aire traditionnel sans avoir de solution de remplacement en dehors du charbon, je parle d'accepter qu'on puisse installer des \u00e9oliennes sur le champs en face de vous. Pas si facile...\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Non-carbon power production is with population moderation one of the two pillars a serious global warming strategy will be built upon.\"><strong>Avec la mod\u00e9ration d\u00e9mographique, la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 non carbon\u00e9e est en effet l\u2019un des deux piliers d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie s\u00e9rieuse de lutte contre le r\u00e9chauffement.<\/strong> <\/span><span title=\"We must stop being political about it and start being progressive.\">Nous devons cesser d'\u00eatre politique \u00e0 ce sujet. <\/span><span title=\"And yes this means giving money trough taxes or investments that we might never get back. \">Et oui, vous l'avez bien compris, cela signifie aussi d'y consacrer votre argent par le biais de taxes ou d'investissements que vous pourriez ne jamais r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, and this is really difficult, we must start to talk seriously about the &quot;what if ?&quot;\">Enfin, nous devons commencer \u00e0 parler s\u00e9rieusement du \"et si?\". <\/span><span title=\"We must start preparing for the harsh consequences, as for the potential opportunities.\">Nous devons commencer \u00e0 nous pr\u00e9parer aux cons\u00e9quences probables, comme aux opportunit\u00e9s potentielles. <\/span><span title=\"In short we must prepare to adapt, because, want it or not, global warming is happening, and we will probably not be able to avoid all of its the consequences.\">En bref, <strong>nous devons nous pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 nous adapter, que nous le voulions ou non.<\/strong> Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique se produit et nous ne pourrons probablement pas en \u00e9viter toutes les cons\u00e9quences. <\/span><span title=\"This absolutely does not mean that we should quit on containing it, but we have to be realistic, and this means stop focusing only on emission reductions, but also working hard on adaptation solutions. \">Ceci ne signifie absolument pas que nous devrions cesser de le combattre, mais nous devons \u00eatre r\u00e9alistes, ce qui signifie cesser de nous concentrer uniquement sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions, <strong>mais aussi travailler dur sur des solutions d\u2019adaptation.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Among many other things : costal cities should continue to monitor costal erosion\/flooding and starting financing a plan to adapt to it, countries should plan for higher natural disaster relief funding and administration, larger wildfire fighting force.\">Entre autres choses, les villes c\u00f4ti\u00e8res doivent continuer de financer et d'ex\u00e9cuter un plan d'adaptation aux probables inondations et \u00e9rosions \u00e0 venir. Les \u00e9tats devraient pr\u00e9voir imm\u00e9diatement le financement s\u00e9rieux et continu d'un fonds de r\u00e9serve et de pr\u00e9paration aux catastrophes naturelles, probablement plus fr\u00e9quentes \u00e0 l'avenir. Ils devraient mettre en place des incitations \u00e9conomiques aux d\u00e9placement progressif des populations vivants dans des zones \u00e0 risque. <\/span><span title=\"Water supply is a major concern and expanding it should be a top priority right now.\">L'approvisionnement en eau est une pr\u00e9occupation majeure face au r\u00e9chauffement et son expansion devrait \u00eatre une priorit\u00e9 absolue. <\/span><span title=\"Agriculture should prepare for the shift in relative yields that will probably happen... \">L'agriculture devrait se pr\u00e9parer au changement des rendements relatifs \u00e0 venir... etc...\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"As you can read, all of this is about preparation, which means financing, which means money that we must distract from our everyday well-being.\">Comme vous pouvez le lire, <strong>quand on parle adaptation on parle imm\u00e9diatement financement.<\/strong> Ce qui signifie en clair d\u00e9tourner des sommes importantes de notre bien-\u00eatre quotidien pour l'investir dans le climat. <\/span><span title=\"So yes, I do believe that we are able to react to it, by containing it and adapting to its consequence, but there is no way out of this hard truth : one way or the other it will cost us.\">Donc, oui, je crois que nous pouvons r\u00e9agir positivement au r\u00e9chauffement climatique, en le limitant ET en nous adaptant \u00e0 ses cons\u00e9quences, mais il n\u2019y a aucun moyen d'\u00e9viter de cette v\u00e9rit\u00e9:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"So yes, I do believe that we are able to react to it, by containing it and adapting to its consequence, but there is no way out of this hard truth : one way or the other it will cost us.\"><strong>D\u2019une mani\u00e8re ou d\u2019une autre, cela nous co\u00fbtera. Mais nous pouvons et allons trouver une solution.<\/strong>\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/p>"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_en_post_content":"<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/rechauffement-climatique-que-faire\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Lire cet article en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Global warming is frightening, and hope is thin to contain it. So maybe we should start not only fighting it, but also preparing for it.\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-640\" src=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Image14-large-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"390\" height=\"418\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In my last, and more obscure, post about data-mining bias ( that you should of course read, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/beware-of-the-vicious-data-mining-bias\">here<\/a> ) I illustrated my argument with the<strong> example of extreme weather news reports<\/strong>. To sum it up, my point was that while the increasing regularity of extreme heat\/frost waves is probably a consequence of global warming, one separate occurrence was absolutely not sufficient to prove anything about it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>In the meantime however, summer passed in the north hemisphere, and it was hot.<\/strong> Damn hot all around. And while still not proving anything \"by itself\", it did make me think about global warming. And I am sure you did too.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Global warming is here. No doubt. What was once upon a time a scientific theory became a few decades ago a scientific and political issue. Now it is starting to turn into <strong>a scary and material reality for everyone<\/strong>. And it is probably just the beginning.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<!--more-->\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Therefore we are an ever growing number of good-willing people eager to react to it. I, among many other, believe that global warming is happening. I, among many other, am very much convinced that its main origin is human activity. Finally, <strong>I, among many other, am most willing to do something about it<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">But here is the problem.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">What can I do? I really really want to do something but I feel overwhelmed by it, so what can I really do ?<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Because I feel insignificant, helpless in the fight.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Why ?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Global warming has now been predicted and observed for more than 100 years, and <strong>no political consensus strong enough to restrain it have been found<\/strong>. The very honorable, albeit modest, agreement of COP21 was blown to pieces by Donald Trump and its supporters. It might be back, I sure hope so, but for now there is no other deal in sight.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Even if we could, finally, and I would actively vote for the people sponsoring it, agree on global emission reductions that countries are willing to uphold, <strong>it probably would not allow us to stop the warming, but merely to slow it down<\/strong>, not even speaking of reducing it back to \"normal\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In fact we have no idea how to significantly reduce the carbon dioxide concentration already in the atmosphere. And on top of this, more heat also means, among many other vicious side effects, more wildfires (which do release significant amount of CO\u00b2) and higher need for AC which means higher power production, and thus CO\u00b2 emission in countries where the energy mix is highly carbonated. <strong>So global warming might actually be self-sustaining. Depressing<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Moreover, when I think about what is blocking the way for a deal, I realize that I am biased in the matter. I am rich : I have food, water, medical care and a roof upon my head. And I admit that until everyone has the same, there will probably be no consensus. Not going to happen soon, no. <strong>People that don't have proper water or food don't really care about global warming<\/strong>, they have more dire concerns, and I think this is perfectly understandable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">We are telling them : \"Careful because we are leaving our children a world that will be so much harder to live in !\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">They are answering : \"OK but my children might not have enough money to buy food, so I will take care of that first right ?\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Finally, when I look at figures, I can sincerely doubt my modest participation to be more than cosmetic. Buying fuel efficient cars, riding bikes, using mass transportation, limiting AC during summer or heating during winter, consuming less and\u00a0 locally produced goods... <strong>whatever I was told to be useful, seems a bit futile<\/strong> when you realize that every Chinese that is born today will \"emit\" around 8 tons a year, and every newborn American will \"emit\" around 16 tons a year of CO\u00b2, while my reasonable effort might, I guess, only save 1 or 2 tons a year max from the approximate 5-6 tons a year I emit as a French.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">To sum it up : what is the point of trying to limit my own emissions, and hope for a solution, when a lot of people don't care, when the phenomenon might not be reversible and when world population is still growing by more than 80 million people a year ?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">That is the point where we can seriously think :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\"OK. This is bad. There is no way out of this\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">But I keep hope don't worry !<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Why ?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">First, I keep in mind that global warming, while undoubtedly scary, is the <strong>consequence of an economic development that has been incredibly positive<\/strong> and continues to be.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Since the beginning of the 20th century, when we started to burn more and more carbon fuel, <strong>mankind's overall condition has drastically improved.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">For instance, misery has widely regressed, with the share of mankind living in poverty (less than $2 a day) plummeting from 80% to under 20% today. The share of world population which is \"undernourished\" fell to around 10% as it was above 20% in the early 90's and probably a lot higher at the start of the century. Illiteracy in the world fell from around 80% in 1900 to 15% today. Finally, life expectancy at birth rose from around 50 years in 1960 to more than 70 years today. Not bad...<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Don't we forget that. The life of a huge part of mankind has massively improved.<\/strong> And global warming is sadly the steep price to pay for it. That does not mean that we should not address it, of course not, but we should remember that we can still can be proud of what mankind accomplished. My point is : <strong>there is no shame in what happened.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Second reason to keep hope: global warming is \"relatively\" slow. Well it is blazing fast if we compare it to the planet's life span, but only reasonably fast at our little human level. <strong>We must react strongly, we will talk about how, but we do not need to panic<\/strong>. The example of the potential rise of sea level is meaningful in that matter. The GIEC worst case scenario now predicts an average rise of about 1 meter by 2100. While this is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">not<\/span> little, and might have dramatic effects both on costal erosion and floodings, we still have some time to prepare for it if we start right now. <strong>Serious, not desperate.<\/strong>\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">And we can especially keep hope in our ability to adapt to it because I have faith in human creativity and research. In all fields related to global warming, people are crafting and developing. They are creating cleaner ways to produce energy, more fuel-efficient or carbon-free engines, meat substitutes, numerous construction improvements, manufacturing processes which capture CO\u00b2 instead of emitting it... <strong>Smart people are right now reacting to the problem and crafting solutions.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Finally, I think we must admit that <strong>it might be possible for global warming to have also non-negative effects, even positive one.<\/strong> The thing is, I only hear about global warming as a disaster, with journalists focusing on the catastrophic effects of it. But is there really only downside to it ? I think not and we should be honest about it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Think about it this way :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Would the world had been 3\u00b0C degrees hotter for centuries, and mankind had get used to it, and then it started to cool down quickly, do you think that all journalists would cheers in happiness ? No of course, they would flood you with disastrous forecasts of\u00a0 famines due to lower food production, increased number of deaths during winters... well pretty much the same.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">I don't mean that it is fake, it is not. I do not mean that we should not care, we really really should. But I do think that only focusing on the negative effects of global warming is a very conservative, even reactionary ( \"ahh those good old days when the atmosphere was cooler...\" ) way to react to it. <strong>It is a fear of change and not a fear of the effects of change.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">So what can we do about it?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">First, and foremost, <strong>we should stop panicking about it<\/strong>. This is real, no doubt. It will affect the life of millions of people, no doubt. We must be constantly aware of it and continue our efforts to understand and control it. But we should stop listening to end-of-the-world preachers and stay rational. No problem has been solved by whining about it. Scientists are to be listened an the subject and serious <strong>solutions are only going to be found<\/strong> if we accept the fact that this is happening, that we are probably never going back to the \"good old days\", and <strong>if we stay positive and constructive about it.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The real question is not \"How can we stop this, this is too scary ?\" but <strong>\"How best can we limit it and deal with it now that we probably cannot roll it back, <\/strong>at least entirely<strong> ?\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">With this in mind, we can continue to negotiate an agreement on a rational strategy to restrain the warming or at least to <strong>contain it to a predictable level<\/strong>, the negative effects of which could be addressed and the potential positive ones used to our profit.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Those negotiations should not only focus on emission reductions per capita, but also on population growth. For full disclosure, my wife and I are expecting our 4th children, so I must recognize that I am clearly faulty on this. My home state, France, is indeed helping me a lot in this endeavor, financially and morally. States naturally promote population growth because it ultimately means more power through economic weight, cultural expansion or even military might. But <strong>our planet is starting to show clear signs of overpopulation, and global warming is one of them<\/strong>, so agreeing on this is pretty important indeed.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Therefore <strong>global warming negotiations should also include population control engagements and objectives.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">To oversimplify it for the sake of explaining myself, developed countries like the US, were demographic transition is done but emissions par capita are very high, could agree to improve their emissions efficiency, in exchange from developing countries with high population growth but in dire need for economic growth to accelerate their demographic transition, while committing to softer emissions per capita reductions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">We should also of course continue to support research on any subject related to this, <strong>with a clear focus on non-carbon related energy sources<\/strong>, <strong>and a complete open mindedness about it<\/strong>. When I talk about open-mindedness I talk about renewable sources that are not profitable enough now, or nuclear fusion that is not working right now and might never be. Non-carbon power production is with population moderation one of the two pillars a serious global warming strategy will be built upon. We must stop being political about it and start being progressive. <strong>And yes this means giving money trough taxes or investments that we might never get back.<\/strong>\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Finally, and this is really difficult, we must start to talk seriously about the \"what if ?\" consequences of the warming. We must start preparing for the harsh consequences, as for the potential opportunities. In short <strong>we must prepare to adapt, because, want it or not, global warming is happening<\/strong>, and we will probably not be able to avoid all of its the consequences. This absolutely does not mean that we should quit on containing it, but we have to be realistic, and this means stop focusing only on emission reductions, but also working hard on adaptation solutions.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Among many other things : costal cities should continue to monitor costal erosion\/flooding and starting financing a plan to adapt to it, countries should plan for higher natural disaster relief funding and administration, larger wildfire fighting force. Water supply is a major concern and expanding it should be a top priority right now. Agriculture should prepare for the shift in relative yields that will probably happen...\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">As you can read, all of this is about preparation, which means financing, which means money that we must distract from our everyday well-being. So yes, I do believe that we are able to react to it, by containing it and adapting to its consequence, but there is no way out of this hard truth :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>One way or the other, it will cost us. But we can and will overcome it.\r\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>","_en_post_name":"global-warming-what-can-we-really-do-about-it","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"Global warming. What can we really do about it ?","_fr_post_content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/global-warming-what-can-we-really-do-about-it\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Read this post in english<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est bien l\u00e0, et l'espoir est d\u00e9sormais mince d'\u00e9viter tous ses effets. Peut-\u00eatre est il temps de s'y pr\u00e9parer.\r\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-640\" src=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Image14-large-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"377\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"In my last, and more obscure, post about data-mining bias ( that you should of course read, see here ) I illustrated my argument with the example of extreme weather news reports.\">Dans mon dernier article, un peu obscur, consacr\u00e9 au \"biais de data-mining\" (que vous devriez bien s\u00fbr lire malgr\u00e9 son titre, <a href=\"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/prenez-garde-au-biais-qui-vous-guette\">voir ici\u00a0<\/a>), j'ai illustr\u00e9 mon argumentation en donnant comme exemple la mani\u00e8re erron\u00e9e dont les journalistes relatent constamment les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames. <\/span><span title=\"To sum it up, my point was that while the increasing regularity of extreme heat\/frost waves is probably a consequence of global warming, one separate occurrence was absolutely not sufficient to prove anything about it. \">Pour r\u00e9sumer, j'expliquais que si la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 croissante des vagues de chaleur et de gel extr\u00eames est probablement une cons\u00e9quence du r\u00e9chauffement climatique, une unique occurrence de ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes n'est absolument pas suffisante pour prouver quoi que ce soit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"In the meantime however, summer passed in the north hemisphere, and it was hot.\">Entre-temps, <strong>l'\u00e9t\u00e9 est pass\u00e9 sur l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord et il a fait chaud. Sacr\u00e9ment <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"Damn hot all around.\">chaud ! <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"And while still not proving anything &quot;by itself&quot;, it did make me think about global warming.\">Et m\u00eame si ce nouvel \u00e9pisode ne prouve toujours rien <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00e0 lui tout seul<\/span>, cela m'a quand m\u00eame fait r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir au r\u00e9chauffement climatique. <\/span><span title=\"And I am sure you did too. \">Et je suis s\u00fbr que c'est aussi votre cas.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<!--more-->\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Global warming is here.\">Car le r\u00e9chauffement est bien l\u00e0. Plus <\/span><span title=\"No doubt.\">aucun doute. <\/span><span title=\"What was once upon a time a scientific theory became a few decades ago a scientific and political issue.\">Ce qui \u00e9tait autrefois une simple th\u00e9orie scientifique est devenu il y a quelques d\u00e9cennies une question politique de premier plan. <\/span><span title=\"Now it is starting to turn into a scary and material reality for everyone.\">D\u00e9sormais, celui-ci est devenu une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 effrayante et mat\u00e9rielle pour nous tous. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Therefore we are an ever growing number of good-willing people eager to react to it.\">Face \u00e0 cela, nous sommes un nombre croissant de personnes de bonne volont\u00e9 d\u00e9sireuses de r\u00e9agir. <\/span><strong><span title=\"I, among many other, believe that global warming is happening.\">Je pense, comme beaucoup d'autres, que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"I, among many other, am very much convinced that its main origin is human activity.\"><strong>Je suis, comme beaucoup d'autres, convaincu que son origine principale est humaine<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"Finally, I, among many other, am most willing to do something about it. \">Enfin je souhaite, comme beaucoup d'autres, r\u00e9agir.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"But here is the problem. \">Mais voil\u00e0 le probl\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"What can I do?\">Que puis-je y faire? <\/span><span title=\"I really really want to do something but I feel overwhelmed by it, so what can I really do ?\">Je veux r\u00e9agir et agir mais, seul, je me sens d\u00e9pass\u00e9. Alors que puis-je vraiment y faire?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Because I feel insignificant, helpless in the fight. \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Car que je me sens insignifiant, impuissant dans cette lutte.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Global warming has now been predicted and observed for more than 100 years, and no political consensus strong enough to restrain it have been found.\">Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est maintenant pr\u00e9dit et observ\u00e9 depuis plus de 100 ans et <strong>aucun consensus politique assez fort pour le contenir n'a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"The very honorable, albeit modest, agreement of COP21 was blown to pieces by Donald Trump and its supporters.\">L'accord, tr\u00e8s honorable quoique modeste, de la COP21 a \u00e9t\u00e9 balay\u00e9 d'un revers de main par Donald Trump et ses partisans. <\/span><span title=\"It might be back, I sure hope so, but for now there is no other deal in sight. \">J'esp\u00e8re bien s\u00fbr que celui-ci renaitra de ses cendres, mais pour l'instant il n'y a pas d'autre accord en vue.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Even if we could, finally, and I would actively vote for the people sponsoring it, agree on global emission reductions that countries are willing to uphold, it probably would not allow us to stop the warming, but merely to slow it down, not even\">M\u00eame si nous r\u00e9ussissions enfin \u00e0 sceller un accord global, contraignant et respect\u00e9, de r\u00e9ductions des \u00e9missions, <strong>cela ne nous permettrait probablement pas d\u2019arr\u00eater le r\u00e9chauffement, mais simplement de le ralentir<\/strong>. Et je ne parle m\u00eame pas d'un possible retour<\/span><span title=\"speaking of reducing it back to &quot;normal&quot;. \"> \u00e0 la \"normale\" pr\u00e9industrielle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"And on top of this, more heat also means, among many other vicious side effects, more wildfires (which do release significant amount of CO\u00b2) and higher need for AC which means higher power production, and thus CO\u00b2 emission in countries where the energy mix\">En plus de cela, plus de chaleur signifie, parmi de nombreux autres effets pervers, plus de feux de for\u00eat (qui lib\u00e8rent une quantit\u00e9 importante de CO\u00b2) et un besoin accru en air conditionn\u00e9, ce qui signifie une production d'\u00e9nergie plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e et des \u00e9missions suppl\u00e9mentaires de CO\u00b2 tant que le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique reste tr\u00e8s carbon\u00e9<\/span><span title=\"is highly carbonated.\">. <\/span><span title=\"So global warming might actually be self-sustaining.\">Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique peut donc m\u00eame donner l'impression de pouvoir s'auto-alimenter. <\/span><span title=\"Depressing. \">D\u00e9primant.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Moreover, when I think about what is blocking the way for a deal, I realize that I am biased in the matter.\">Quand, face \u00e0 cela, je r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis \u00e0 ce qui bloque la voie vers un tel accord, je r\u00e9alise que je suis en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s partial en la mati\u00e8re. Car j<\/span><span title=\"I am rich : I have food, water, medical care and a roof upon my head.\">e suis riche ! J'ai de la nourriture, de l'eau, un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des soins m\u00e9dicaux de qualit\u00e9 et un toit sur la t\u00eate. <\/span><span title=\"And I admit that until everyone has the same, there will probably be no consensus.\">Et je me demande bien si nous pourrons trouver un consensus tant que tout le monde n\u2019aura pas la m\u00eame chance<\/span><span title=\"Not going to happen soon, no.\">. <\/span><span title=\"People that don't have proper water or food don't really care about global warming, they have more dire concerns, and I think this is perfectly understandable. \"><strong>Les personnes qui n'ont pas assez d'eau ou de nourriture ne se soucient pas vraiment du r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te, ils ont des pr\u00e9occupations plus imm\u00e9diates<\/strong>, et je pense que c'est parfaitement compr\u00e9hensible.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"We are telling them : &quot;Careful because we are leaving our children a world that will be so much harder to live in !&quot; \">Nous leur disons: \"Attention, nous laissons \u00e0 nos enfants un monde o\u00f9 il ne ferra pas bon vivre dans 100 ans!\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"They are answering : &quot;OK but my children might not have enough money to buy food, so I will take care of that first right ?&quot;. \">Ils nous r\u00e9pondent: \"OK, mais mes enfants n'auront peut-\u00eatre pas assez d'argent pour acheter de la nourriture dans six mois, alors je vais m'occuper de cela d'abord, d'accord ?\".\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, when I look at figures, I can sincerely doubt my modest participation to be more than cosmetic.\">Enfin, quand je regarde les chiffres, <strong>je doute sinc\u00e8rement que ma modeste participation soit plus que cosm\u00e9tique<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"Buying fuel efficient cars, riding bikes, using mass transportation, limiting AC during summer or heating during winter, consuming less and locally produced goods... whatever I was told to be useful, seems a bit futile when you realize that every Chinese that is\">Acheter des voitures \u00e9conomes en carburant, faire du v\u00e9lo, utiliser les transports en commun, limiter la climatisation en \u00e9t\u00e9 ou le chauffage en hiver, isoler mon appartement, consommer moins de biens et produire localement...<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Buying fuel efficient cars, riding bikes, using mass transportation, limiting AC during summer or heating during winter, consuming less and locally produced goods... whatever I was told to be useful, seems a bit futile when you realize that every Chinese that is\"><strong>Tout ce qui m\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme utile me semble un peu futile<\/strong> quand je vois qu'un enfant chinois <\/span><span title=\"born today will &quot;emit&quot; around 8 tons a year, and every newborn American will &quot;emit&quot; around 16 tons a year of CO\u00b2, while my reasonable effort might, I guess, only save 1 or 2 tons a year max from the approximate 5\">n\u00e9 aujourd'hui va \"\u00e9mettre\" environ 8 tonnes de CO\u00b2 par an, et que chaque nouveau-n\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain \"\u00e9mettra\" environ 16 tonnes de CO\u00b2 par an, alors que mon petit effort ne permet, je suppose, d'\u00e9conomiser que 1 ou 2 tonnes par an au maximum sur les 5 \u00e0 <\/span><span title=\"-6 tons a year I emit as a French. \">6 tonnes par an que j'\u00e9mets en moyenne en tant que fran\u00e7ais.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"To sum it up : what is the point of trying to limit my own emissions, and hope for a solution, when a lot of people don't care, when the phenomenon might not be reversible and when world population is still growing by more than\">En r\u00e9sum\u00e9: \u00e0 quoi bon essayer de limiter mes propres \u00e9missions et esp\u00e9rer une solution, alors que beaucoup de gens s'en moquent, que le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne pourrait ne pas \u00eatre r\u00e9versible et alors que la population mondiale continue de cro\u00eetre de plus de <\/span><span title=\"80 million people a year ? \">80 millions de personnes par an, et donc d'autant d'\u00e9mission en CO\u00b2 ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"That is the point where we can seriously think : \">C'est l\u00e0 que je pourrais naturellement penser, et vous aussi :\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"&quot;OK. This is bad. There is no way out of this&quot;.\">\"OK. On ne s'en sortira pas\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"But I keep hope don't worry ! \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Mais je garde espoir !<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Why ? \">Pourquoi ?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"First, I keep in mind that global warming, while undoubtedly scary, is the consequence of an economic development that has been incredibly positive and continues to be. \">Tout d'abord, parce que je garde \u00e0 l\u2019esprit que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, aussi grave que soit la menace qu'il repr\u00e9sente, reste la cons\u00e9quence d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique incroyablement positif pour l'humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Since the beginning of the 20th century, when we started to burn more and more carbon fuel, mankind's overall condition has drastically improved. \">Depuis le d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, date \u00e0 laquelle nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 br\u00fbler massivement des carburants fossiles,<strong> la situation de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 s\u2019est consid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9lior\u00e9.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"For instance, misery has widely regressed, with the share of mankind living in poverty (less than $2 a day) plummeting from 80% to under 20% today.\">En premier lieu, la mis\u00e8re a largement r\u00e9gress\u00e9, la proportion de personnes vivant dans la pauvret\u00e9 (moins de 2 dollars par jour) \u00e9tant tomb\u00e9e de 80% \u00e0 moins de 20% aujourd'hui. <\/span><span title=\"The share of world population which is &quot;undernourished&quot; fell to around 10% as it was above 20% in the early 90's and probably a lot higher at the start of the century.\">La part de la population mondiale \"sous-aliment\u00e9e\" est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 10% (malgr\u00e9 une hausse ces deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es) alors qu'elle \u00e9tait sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 20% au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 90 et probablement encore plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle. <\/span><span title=\"Illiteracy in the world fell from around 80% in 1900 to 15% today.\">L'analphab\u00e9tisme dans le monde est \u00e9galement pass\u00e9 d'environ 80% en 1900 \u00e0 moins de 20% aujourd'hui. <\/span><span title=\"Finally, life expectancy at birth rose from around 50 years in 1960 to more than 70 years today.\">Enfin, l'esp\u00e9rance de vie \u00e0 la naissance est pass\u00e9e d'environ 50 ans en 1960 \u00e0 plus de 70 ans aujourd'hui. <\/span><span title=\"Not bad... \">Pas si mal...<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span title=\"Don't we forget that.\">Ne l'oublions pas. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"The life of a huge part of mankind has massively improved.\"><strong>La vie d'une grande partie de l'humanit\u00e9 est devenue bien plus supportable<\/strong>, e<\/span><span title=\"And global warming is sadly the steep price to pay for it.\">t le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est probablement le prix \u00e0 payer pour cela.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"That does not mean that we should not address it, of course not, but we should remember that we can still can be proud of what mankind accomplished.\">Attention ! Ceci ne signifie pas que nous ne devons pas nous en pr\u00e9occuper, bien s\u00fbr que non, mais nous devons rester respectueux de ce que l\u2019humanit\u00e9 a accompli. <strong>En clair <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"My point is : there is no shame in what happened. \">: il n'y a pas \u00e0 avoir honte de ce qui s'est pass\u00e9, et l'humanit\u00e9, \u00e0 ce jour, continue de profiter de cette croissance \u00e9conomique. Tant mieux.\r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Second reason to keep hope: global warming is &quot;relatively&quot; slow.\">Deuxi\u00e8me raison de garder espoir: le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est \"relativement\" lent. <\/span><span title=\"Well it is blazing fast if we compare it to the planet's life span, but only reasonably fast at our little human level.\">C'est exag\u00e9r\u00e9 bien s\u00fbr: il est extr\u00eamement rapide, brutal, si nous le comparons \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e de vie de la plan\u00e8te, mais seulement mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment rapide si nous le comparons \u00e0 notre esp\u00e9rance de vie. <\/span><strong><span title=\"We must react strongly, we will talk about how, but we do not need to panic.\">Nous devons r\u00e9agir fortement, mais nous ne devons pas paniquer. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"The example of the potential rise of sea level is meaningful in that matter.\">L'exemple de l'augmentation potentielle du niveau de la mer est significatif \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. <\/span><span title=\"The GIEC worst case scenario now predicts an average rise of about 1 meter by 2100. While this is not little, and might have dramatic effects both on costal erosion and floodings, we still have some time to prepare for it if we start right now.\">Le pire sc\u00e9nario du GIEC pr\u00e9voit maintenant une augmentation moyenne des oc\u00e9ans d\u2019environ 1 m\u00e8tre d\u2019ici 2100. Bien que ce ne soit pas petit, et que ceci pourrait avoir des effets dramatiques tant par l\u2019\u00e9rosion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re que par des inondations massives, nous avons encore du temps pour nous pr\u00e9parer, si nous nous y mettons tout de suite. <strong>Tr\u00e8s <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"Serious, not desperate. \">s\u00e9rieux, mais non d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"And we can especially keep hope in our ability to adapt to it because I have faith in human creativity and research.\">Nous pouvons \u00e9galement garder espoir dans notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 nous adapter si nous gardons confiance dans la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et la recherche. <\/span><span title=\"In all fields related to global warming, people are crafting and developing.\"><strong>Dans tous les domaines li\u00e9s au r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te, des gens inventent, cr\u00e9ent et d\u00e9veloppent en ce moment m\u00eame<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"They are creating cleaner ways to produce energy, more fuel-efficient or carbon-free engines, meat substitutes, numerous construction improvements, manufacturing processes which capture CO\u00b2 instead of emitting it... Smart people are right now reacting to the problem and crafting solutions\">Ils cr\u00e9ent des moyens plus propres de produire de l'\u00e9nergie, des moteurs plus \u00e9conomes en carburant ou sans carbone, des substituts de viande, de nombreuses am\u00e9liorations de la construction...<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, I think we must admit that it might be possible for global warming to have also non-negative effects, even positive one.\">Enfin, je pense que nous devons admettre que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique pourrait aussi avoir quelques effets positifs. <\/span><span title=\"The thing is, I only hear about global warming as a disaster, with journalists focusing on the catastrophic effects of it.\">Le fait est que je n\u2019entends parler du r\u00e9chauffement climatique que comme une catastrophe, les journalistes se concentrant exclusivement sur les effets n\u00e9gatifs de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. <strong>Il y a \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d'effet n\u00e9gatifs potentiels, j'en conviens, m<\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"But is there really only downside to it ?\">ais n'y a-t-il vraiment aucun effet positif ? <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"I think not and we should be honest about it. \">Je ne pense pas et nous devrions les \u00e9tudier.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"Think about it this way : \">Pensez-y de cette fa\u00e7on :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Would the world had been 3\u00b0C degrees hotter for centuries, and mankind had get used to it, and then it started to cool down quickly, do you think that all journalists would cheers in happiness ?\">Eut le monde \u00e9t\u00e9 plus chaud de 3 \u00b0 C pendant des si\u00e8cles, et ensuite, eut il commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 refroidir rapidement, pensez-vous que tous les journalistes auraient acclam\u00e9s ce changement dans la joie? <\/span><span title=\"No of course, they would flood you with disastrous forecasts of famines due to lower food production, increased number of deaths during winters... well pretty much the same. \">Bien s\u00fbr que non, ils nous inonderaient de pr\u00e9visions d\u00e9sastreuses (et probablement justes) de famine en raison de la baisse de la production alimentaire, d'augmentations brutales du nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s pendant les hivers glacials \u00e0 venir, de glaciation extr\u00eame de certaines r\u00e9gions et de certains courts d'eau, de baisse du niveau de la mer et de la disparition de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces...\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"I do not mean that we should not care, we really really should.\">Je ne veux pas dire que nous ne devrions pas nous soucier du changement climatique, nous le devrions vraiment. <\/span><span title=\"But I do think that only focusing on the negative effects of global warming is a very conservative, even reactionary ( &quot;ahh those good old days when the atmosphere was cooler...&quot; ) way to react to it.\">Mais je pense que se concentrer uniquement sur les effets n\u00e9gatifs est une fa\u00e7on n\u00e9gative, conservatrice, voire r\u00e9actionnaire (\"ahhhhh ce bon vieux temps o\u00f9 l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re \u00e9tait plus fra\u00eeche...\") de r\u00e9agir \u00e0 cette \u00e9preuve. <strong>Nous devons rester rationnels et nous demander si nous avons peur des effets du changement <\/strong><\/span><strong><span title=\"It is a fear of change and not a fear of the effects of change.\">ou simplement du changement tout court.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"So what can we do about it? \"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Alors, au final, que pouvons-nous faire ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong><span title=\"First, and foremost, we should stop panicking about it.\">Tout d'abord, nous devrions cesser de paniquer. <\/span><\/strong><span title=\"This is real, no doubt.\">C'est un probl\u00e8me tr\u00e8s grave, il n'y a plus aucun doute l\u00e0 dessus. Les changements que le r\u00e9chauffement va induire sur notre plan\u00e8te <\/span><span title=\"It will affect the life of millions of people, no doubt.\">affecteront la vie de millions de personnes. <\/span><span title=\"We must be constantly aware of it and continue our efforts to understand and control it.\">Nous devons en \u00eatre conscients et poursuivre nos efforts pour comprendre et maitriser ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. <\/span><span title=\"But we should stop listening to end-of-the-world preachers and stay rational.\">Mais nous devrions aussi cesser d'\u00e9couter les pr\u00e9dicateurs de l'apocalypse et rester rationnels. Garder notre sang froid. <\/span><span title=\"No problem has been solved by whining about it.\">Aucun probl\u00e8me n'a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solu en pleurant et tapant du pied. Quand je vois des manifestants d\u00e9filer en France \"contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique\", je n'arrive pas trop \u00e0 comprendre l\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils veulent en venir.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Scientists are to be listened an the subject and serious solutions are only going to be found if we accept the fact that this is happening, that we are probably never going back to the &quot;good old days&quot;, and if we stay positive and constructive about\">Les scientifiques doivent \u00eatre \u00e9cout\u00e9s car des solutions s\u00e9rieuses ne seront trouv\u00e9es que si nous acceptons le fait que nous ne retournerons probablement jamais au \"bon vieux temps\" de l'\u00e8re pr\u00e9industrielle, et que nous restons positifs, rationnels et constructifs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"The real question is not &quot;How can we stop this, this is too scary ?&quot;\">La vraie question n'est pas \"Comment pouvons-nous arr\u00eater le r\u00e9chauffement, c'est trop effrayant !\" <\/span><span title=\"but &quot;How best can we limit it and deal with it now that we probably cannot roll it back, at least entirely ?&quot; \">mais plut\u00f4t :<strong> \"Comment pouvons-nous le limiter et en maitriser les effets sachant que nous ne pourrons probablement pas l'\u00e9viter totalement?\"<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" title=\"With this in mind, we can continue to negotiate an agreement on a rational strategy to restrain the warming or at least to contain it to a predictable level, the negative effects of which could be addressed and the potential positive ones used to our profit. \">Dans cette optique, nous devons bien s\u00fbr continuer \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier un accord sur une strat\u00e9gie visant \u00e0 limiter le <span title=\"With this in mind, we can continue to negotiate an agreement on a rational strategy to restrain the warming or at least to contain it to a predictable level, the negative effects of which could be addressed and the potential positive ones used to our profit. \">r\u00e9chauffement <\/span>\u00e0 un niveau pr\u00e9visible, dont les effets n\u00e9gatifs pourraient \u00eatre trait\u00e9s et les effets positifs utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 notre profit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Those negotiations should not only focus on emission reductions per capita, but also on population growth.\"><strong>Ces n\u00e9gociations ne devraient pas seulement porter sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions par habitant, mais \u00e9galement sur la croissance d\u00e9mographique<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"For full disclosure, my wife and I are expecting our 4th children, so I must recognize that I am clearly faulty on this.\">Pour \u00eatre parfaitement honn\u00eate, ma femme et moi attendons notre 4\u00e8me enfant, et je dois donc admettre ma faute \u00e0 ce sujet. <\/span><span title=\"My home state, France, is indeed helping me a lot in this endeavor, financially and morally.\">Mon pays d'origine, la France, nous aide beaucoup dans ce projet, financi\u00e8rement et moralement. <\/span><span title=\"States naturally promote population growth because it ultimately means more power through economic weight, cultural expansion or even military might.\">Les \u00e9tats, dont le notre, favorisent la croissance d\u00e9mographique, synonyme g\u00e9opolitique de puissance gr\u00e2ce au poids \u00e9conomique, \u00e0 l'expansion culturelle ou m\u00eame \u00e0 la puissance militaire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"But our planet is starting to show clear signs of overpopulation, and global warming is one of them, so agreeing on this is pretty important indeed. \">Mais <strong>notre plan\u00e8te commence \u00e0 montrer des signes \u00e9vidents et massifs de surpopulation<\/strong>, et le r\u00e9chauffement climatique en est un (les d\u00e9chets et l'\u00e9puisement des ressources en sont d'autres). Il est donc tr\u00e8s important de s\u2019entendre aussi sur ce sujet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"To oversimplify it for the sake of explaining myself, developed countries like the US, were demographic transition is done but emissions par capita are very high, could agree to improve their emissions efficiency, in exchange from developing countries with high population growth but in dire need\">A titre d'exemple, et pour simplifier \u00e0 l'extr\u00eame, des pays comme les \u00c9tats-Unis, o\u00f9 la transition d\u00e9mographique est finie mais les \u00e9missions par habitant sont tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9es, pourraient convenir de r\u00e9duire ce ratio en \u00e9change pour les pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 forte croissance de la population <\/span><span title=\"for economic growth to accelerate their demographic transition, while committing to softer emissions per capita reductions. \">d'un engagement \u00e0 poursuivre activement leur transition d\u00e9mographique. Ceci avec des objectifs plus modestes de limitation des \u00e9missions par habitant.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"We should also of course continue to support research on any subject related to this, with a clear focus on non-carbon related energy sources, and a complete open mindedness about it.\">Bien entendu, nous devrions \u00e9galement continuer de soutenir la recherche.\u00a0 Ceci sur tous les sujets li\u00e9s au r\u00e9chauffement climatique, <strong>en mettant clairement l\u2019accent sur les sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie non fossiles, et avec une ouverture d'esprit totale \u00e0 ce sujet.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> <span title=\"When I talk about open-mindedness I talk about renewable sources that are not profitable enough now, or nuclear fusion that is not working right now and might never be.\">Quand je parle d'ouverture d'esprit, je parle de sources renouvelables qui ne sont pas assez rentables aujourd'hui ou de projets de fusion nucl\u00e9aire qui ne fonctionne pas et pourraient ne jamais fonctionner. Je parle d'accepter de financer des projets de recherche qui n'aboutiront peut-\u00eatre jamais. Je parle de ne pas refuser le nucl\u00e9aire traditionnel sans avoir de solution de remplacement en dehors du charbon, je parle d'accepter qu'on puisse installer des \u00e9oliennes sur le champs en face de vous. Pas si facile...\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Non-carbon power production is with population moderation one of the two pillars a serious global warming strategy will be built upon.\"><strong>Avec la mod\u00e9ration d\u00e9mographique, la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 non carbon\u00e9e est en effet l\u2019un des deux piliers d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie s\u00e9rieuse de lutte contre le r\u00e9chauffement.<\/strong> <\/span><span title=\"We must stop being political about it and start being progressive.\">Nous devons cesser d'\u00eatre politique \u00e0 ce sujet. <\/span><span title=\"And yes this means giving money trough taxes or investments that we might never get back. \">Et oui, vous l'avez bien compris, cela signifie aussi d'y consacrer votre argent par le biais de taxes ou d'investissements que vous pourriez ne jamais r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Finally, and this is really difficult, we must start to talk seriously about the &quot;what if ?&quot;\">Enfin, nous devons commencer \u00e0 parler s\u00e9rieusement du \"et si?\". <\/span><span title=\"We must start preparing for the harsh consequences, as for the potential opportunities.\">Nous devons commencer \u00e0 nous pr\u00e9parer aux cons\u00e9quences probables, comme aux opportunit\u00e9s potentielles. <\/span><span title=\"In short we must prepare to adapt, because, want it or not, global warming is happening, and we will probably not be able to avoid all of its the consequences.\">En bref, <strong>nous devons nous pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 nous adapter, que nous le voulions ou non.<\/strong> Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique se produit et nous ne pourrons probablement pas en \u00e9viter toutes les cons\u00e9quences. <\/span><span title=\"This absolutely does not mean that we should quit on containing it, but we have to be realistic, and this means stop focusing only on emission reductions, but also working hard on adaptation solutions. \">Ceci ne signifie absolument pas que nous devrions cesser de le combattre, mais nous devons \u00eatre r\u00e9alistes, ce qui signifie cesser de nous concentrer uniquement sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions, <strong>mais aussi travailler dur sur des solutions d\u2019adaptation.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"Among many other things : costal cities should continue to monitor costal erosion\/flooding and starting financing a plan to adapt to it, countries should plan for higher natural disaster relief funding and administration, larger wildfire fighting force.\">Entre autres choses, les villes c\u00f4ti\u00e8res doivent continuer de financer et d'ex\u00e9cuter un plan d'adaptation aux probables inondations et \u00e9rosions \u00e0 venir. Les \u00e9tats devraient pr\u00e9voir imm\u00e9diatement le financement s\u00e9rieux et continu d'un fonds de r\u00e9serve et de pr\u00e9paration aux catastrophes naturelles, probablement plus fr\u00e9quentes \u00e0 l'avenir. Ils devraient mettre en place des incitations \u00e9conomiques aux d\u00e9placement progressif des populations vivants dans des zones \u00e0 risque. <\/span><span title=\"Water supply is a major concern and expanding it should be a top priority right now.\">L'approvisionnement en eau est une pr\u00e9occupation majeure face au r\u00e9chauffement et son expansion devrait \u00eatre une priorit\u00e9 absolue. <\/span><span title=\"Agriculture should prepare for the shift in relative yields that will probably happen... \">L'agriculture devrait se pr\u00e9parer au changement des rendements relatifs \u00e0 venir... etc...\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"As you can read, all of this is about preparation, which means financing, which means money that we must distract from our everyday well-being.\">Comme vous pouvez le lire, <strong>quand on parle adaptation on parle imm\u00e9diatement financement.<\/strong> Ce qui signifie en clair d\u00e9tourner des sommes importantes de notre bien-\u00eatre quotidien pour l'investir dans le climat. <\/span><span title=\"So yes, I do believe that we are able to react to it, by containing it and adapting to its consequence, but there is no way out of this hard truth : one way or the other it will cost us.\">Donc, oui, je crois que nous pouvons r\u00e9agir positivement au r\u00e9chauffement climatique, en le limitant ET en nous adaptant \u00e0 ses cons\u00e9quences, mais il n\u2019y a aucun moyen d'\u00e9viter de cette v\u00e9rit\u00e9:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span title=\"So yes, I do believe that we are able to react to it, by containing it and adapting to its consequence, but there is no way out of this hard truth : one way or the other it will cost us.\"><strong>D\u2019une mani\u00e8re ou d\u2019une autre, cela nous co\u00fbtera. Mais nous pouvons et allons trouver une solution.<\/strong>\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/p>","_fr_post_name":"rechauffement-climatique-que-faire","_fr_post_excerpt":"","_fr_post_title":"R\u00e9chauffement climatique. Mais que pouvons-nous y faire ?","edit_language":"fr","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,14,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economics","category-esg-investing","category-politics"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=601"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":644,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/601\/revisions\/644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kudueconomics.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}